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A patient with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is experiencing nightmares. Which intervention should the nurse include in the care plan?
- A. Encouraging the patient to journal before bedtime
- B. Teaching relaxation techniques
- C. Avoiding discussing the nightmares directly
- D. Developing a safety plan
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Teaching relaxation techniques. This intervention is effective in managing PTSD-related nightmares by helping the patient reduce anxiety and promote better sleep. Relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing and progressive muscle relaxation, can calm the nervous system and improve sleep quality. Encouraging the patient to journal before bedtime (Choice A) may help with processing emotions but may not directly address the nightmares. Avoiding discussing the nightmares directly (Choice C) can lead to avoidance behaviors and hinder the therapeutic process. Developing a safety plan (Choice D) is important for overall safety but does not specifically target the nightmares.
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A patient with schizophrenia is prescribed risperidone. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of the medication?
- A. I should take this medication at the same time every day.
- B. I can stop taking this medication once I feel better.
- C. I should avoid drinking alcohol while taking this medication.
- D. I should take this medication on an as-needed basis.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
1. Consistency in medication timing helps maintain a steady blood level for effectiveness.
2. Following a regular schedule improves adherence and reduces the risk of missing doses.
3. Ensures optimal therapeutic effects and minimizes potential side effects.
4. Options B, C, and D are incorrect as stopping abruptly, mixing with alcohol, or taking as needed can lead to relapse, reduced efficacy, or increased risk of side effects.
When developing a care plan for a patient with borderline personality disorder, which intervention should be included to address self-harm behaviors?
- A. Encouraging the patient to keep a journal of their thoughts and feelings.
- B. Setting clear and consistent boundaries with the patient.
- C. Providing the patient with coping skills to manage their emotions.
- D. Developing a safety plan with the patient.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, developing a safety plan with the patient. This intervention is crucial for addressing self-harm behaviors in patients with borderline personality disorder. A safety plan helps the patient identify triggers, warning signs, coping strategies, and support networks to prevent self-harm. It also outlines specific steps to take in a crisis situation. This intervention is more direct and practical compared to the other options.
A: Keeping a journal may be helpful for self-reflection but may not provide immediate strategies to prevent self-harm.
B: Setting boundaries is important but may not directly address self-harm behaviors.
C: Providing coping skills is beneficial, but a safety plan is more specific and tailored to managing self-harm risks.
In summary, developing a safety plan is the most effective intervention for addressing self-harm behaviors in patients with borderline personality disorder.
When a patient is diagnosed with major depressive disorder, which nursing diagnosis should be the priority?
- A. Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements
- B. Risk for suicide
- C. Disturbed sleep pattern
- D. Ineffective coping
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Risk for suicide. This is the priority nursing diagnosis because individuals with major depressive disorder have an increased risk of suicidal ideation and behaviors. Assessing and addressing this risk is crucial for patient safety. Choice A is not the priority as nutritional imbalances may not pose immediate harm compared to suicide risk. Choice C, disturbed sleep pattern, and choice D, ineffective coping, are important but not as critical as addressing the risk of suicide in a patient with major depressive disorder.
Which of the following is a common symptom of borderline personality disorder?
- A. Obsessive-compulsive behaviors
- B. Fear of social situations
- C. Grandiose sense of self-importance
- D. Impulsive and self-destructive behaviors
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Impulsive and self-destructive behaviors. This is a common symptom of borderline personality disorder as individuals often engage in reckless behaviors without considering the consequences. They may have self-harming tendencies and engage in impulsive actions like substance abuse or risky sexual behavior.
A: Obsessive-compulsive behaviors are more characteristic of obsessive-compulsive disorder, not borderline personality disorder.
B: Fear of social situations is more indicative of social anxiety disorder, not borderline personality disorder.
C: Grandiose sense of self-importance is a symptom of narcissistic personality disorder, not borderline personality disorder.
In summary, impulsive and self-destructive behaviors are key features of borderline personality disorder, distinguishing it from other mental health conditions.
A patient is receiving education about dietary restrictions while taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI). Which food should the patient avoid?
- A. Aged cheese
- B. Fresh vegetables
- C. Grilled chicken
- D. Fruit juices
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Aged cheese. MAOIs interact with tyramine in certain foods like aged cheese, leading to dangerous hypertensive crisis. Aged cheese contains high levels of tyramine, which can cause a sudden increase in blood pressure when combined with MAOIs. Fresh vegetables (B), grilled chicken (C), and fruit juices (D) do not have high levels of tyramine and can be safely consumed with MAOIs. It is crucial for patients taking MAOIs to avoid foods rich in tyramine to prevent adverse reactions.