Nokea
A patient with severe COPD is having an episode of extreme shortness of breath and requests their inhaler. Which type of inhaler ordered by the physician would provide the FASTEST relief for the patient based on this particular situation?
- A. Spiriva
- B. Salmeterol
- C. Symbicort
- D. Albuterol
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Albuterol , a short-acting beta-agonist, provides rapid bronchodilation for acute shortness of breath. Spiriva , Salmeterol , and Symbicort are long-acting or combination drugs for maintenance.
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A client who had a laryngectomy is nearly ready for discharge. Which instruction is most appropriate for the nurse to give?
- A. Always be sure you have a buddy with you when you go swimming or boating.'
- B. You may take a tub bath, but you should not take a shower.'
- C. Be sure to have only liquids for another three weeks.'
- D. Never cover your stoma with anything.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A buddy is essential during swimming or boating to ensure safety, as water entering the stoma can cause aspiration.
The client is diagnosed with cancer of the larynx and is to have radiation therapy to the area. Which prophylactic procedure will the nurse prepare the client for?
- A. Removal of the client's teeth and fitting for dentures.
- B. Take antiemetic medications every four (4) hours.
- C. Wear sunscreen on the area at all times.
- D. Placement of a nasogastric feeding tube.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Dental extraction (A) prevents radiation-induced tooth decay. Antiemetics (B), sunscreen (C), and NG tubes (D) are not prophylactic for laryngeal radiation.
You're providing discharge teaching to a patient who was admitted with asthma. You discussed the early warning signs of an asthma attack and ask the patient to list some of them. Select all the correct early warning signs verbalized by the patient:
- A. Easily fatigued with physical activity
- B. Reduced peak flow meter reading
- C. Chest retractions
- D. Cyanosis
- E. Wheezing with activity
- F. Nighttime coughing
- G. No relief with short-acting bronchodilator inhaler
Correct Answer: A,B,E,F
Rationale: Early warning signs include fatigue, reduced peak flow, wheezing with activity, and nighttime coughing. Chest retractions, cyanosis, and no relief from a bronchodilator indicate a more severe attack.
The 56-year-old client diagnosed with tuberculosis (Tb) is being discharged. Which statement made by the client indicates an understanding of the discharge instructions?
- A. I will take my medication for the full three (3) weeks prescribed.
- B. I must stay on the medication for months if I am to get well.
- C. I can be around my friends because I have started taking antibiotics.
- D. I should get a Tb skin test every three (3) months to determine if I am well.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: TB treatment requires months of antibiotics (B) for cure. Three weeks (A) is too short, antibiotics don’t eliminate transmission risk immediately (C), and skin tests (D) monitor exposure, not cure.
The health-care provider ordered STAT arterial blood gases (ABGs) for the client diagnosed with ARDS. The ABG results are pH 7.38, Pao2 92, Paco2 38, Hco3 24. Which action should the nurse implement?
- A. Continue to monitor the client without taking any action.
- B. Encourage the client to take deep breaths and cough.
- C. Administer one (1) ampule of sodium bicarbonate IVP.
- D. Notify the respiratory therapist of the ABG results.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Normal ABGs (A) in ARDS indicate stability, requiring monitoring. Deep breathing (B), bicarbonate (C), and notification (D) are unnecessary.