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A patient with suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) presents with sudden onset dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, and hemoptysis. Which of the following diagnostic tests is most appropriate for confirming the diagnosis?
- A. Chest X-ray
- B. Electrocardiography (ECG)
- C. D-dimer assay
- D. Spiral computed tomography (CT) angiography
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Spiral CT angiography is the most appropriate test for confirming the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) in a patient with suspected PE. It is a non-invasive imaging modality that can detect filling defects within the pulmonary vasculature indicative of a clot. This diagnostic test has high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing PE, making it a valuable tool in the management of patients with suspected PE.
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Nurse Myrna is taking care of a family chose there young children are sick with malnutrition particularly protein deficiency, which of the following behaviors is indicative of the family's positive coping index
- A. Observing erratic mealtime due to work schedule of parents
- B. Bringing children to health enter for consult only when needed.
- C. Serving foods that children like but with high in carbohydrates
- D. Cooking foods in variety that include meat, dairy products and beans.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cooking foods in a variety that includes meat, dairy products, and beans demonstrates a positive coping index for the family in addressing the protein deficiency and malnutrition in their children. This behavior shows the family's understanding and effort to provide diverse sources of protein, which is essential for addressing protein deficiency. By including different protein-rich foods in their meals, the family is actively working towards improving the nutritional status of their children. This approach aligns with the goal of health education to change knowledge, attitudes, and practices to enhance individual, family, and community health.
Nursing programs that are based on needs assessment and needs analysis and should ne offered free is which of the following?
- A. Continuing Development Program
- B. In-service Training Program
- C. Nursing Education Program
- D. Post-graduate program
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nursing programs that are based on needs assessment and needs analysis are meant to provide education and training to current or aspiring nurses according to specific needs within the healthcare system. These programs are usually foundational education programs that are essential for producing competent and skilled nurses. Offering such programs for free ensures that individuals with a passion for nursing but limited financial resources can access quality education and training opportunities. This helps in bridging the gap in the healthcare workforce and ultimately contributes to the overall health and well-being of the population.
A patient presents with sudden-onset, severe eye pain, headache, nausea, and vomiting. On examination, the affected eye appears red, with a steamy cornea and mid-dilated, non-reactive pupil. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?
- A. Acute angle-closure glaucoma
- B. Central retinal artery occlusion
- C. Optic neuritis
- D. Corneal ulcer
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The presentation described is characteristic of acute angle-closure glaucoma. This condition typically presents with sudden-onset severe eye pain, headache, nausea, and vomiting. On examination, the affected eye may appear red due to conjunctival injection, and there may be a steamy cornea due to corneal edema. The mid-dilated, non-reactive pupil is a key finding in angle-closure glaucoma, as the iris bombe (forward movement of the peripheral iris) blocks the drainage angle, leading to increased intraocular pressure. If left untreated, acute angle-closure glaucoma can result in irreversible vision loss. Immediate intervention is crucial to lower the intraocular pressure and prevent further damage to the optic nerve. Prompt referral to an ophthalmologist for definitive treatment is necessary in cases of suspected acute angle-closure glaucoma.
A nurse is caring for a patient with a history of substance abuse who requests pain medication. What ethical principle should guide the nurse's decision-making in this situation?
- A. Beneficence
- B. Nonmaleficence
- C. Justice
- D. Veracity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The ethical principle that should guide the nurse's decision-making in this situation is beneficence, which emphasizes the nurse's obligation to act in the best interest of the patient. In this scenario, the nurse must balance the patient's request for pain medication with considerations related to the patient's history of substance abuse. The nurse should prioritize providing effective pain relief for the patient while also considering the potential risks of administering medication to someone with a history of substance abuse. By focusing on beneficence, the nurse can make decisions that promote the well-being and best interests of the patient, taking into account both the immediate need for pain relief and the patient's history of substance abuse.
The nurse assists a health care provider in performing a liver biopsy. After the biopsy, the nurse should place the client in which position?
- A. Prone
- B. Supine
- C. A left side-lying position with a small pillow or folded towel under the puncture site
- D. A right side-lying position with a small pillow or folded towel under the puncture site
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Placing the client in a left side-lying position after a liver biopsy helps to promote pressure on the puncture site, which can reduce the risk of bleeding. Placing a small pillow or folded towel under the puncture site provides additional support and helps to maintain pressure on the area. This position also helps prevent the client from putting pressure on the abdomen, which could potentially affect the biopsy site and increase the risk of bleeding or complications. Overall, positioning the client on the left side with support under the puncture site is the most appropriate and safest option after a liver biopsy.