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A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is prescribed hydroxychloroquine. What is the most important instruction the nurse should give?
- A. Report any vision changes immediately.
- B. Take the medication with milk.
- C. Avoid high-fat foods.
- D. Increase intake of green leafy vegetables.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Report any vision changes immediately. This is crucial because hydroxychloroquine can cause retinal toxicity, which may lead to irreversible vision loss. Monitoring for vision changes allows for early detection and intervention. Choice B is incorrect as hydroxychloroquine is typically taken with food or milk to reduce gastrointestinal side effects. Choice C is irrelevant as there is no specific dietary restriction for hydroxychloroquine. Choice D is also incorrect as there is no evidence to support increasing green leafy vegetable intake in relation to hydroxychloroquine therapy.
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A client with a new diagnosis of myasthenia gravis is prescribed pyridostigmine (Mestinon). Which instruction should the nurse include in the client's teaching?
- A. Take the medication with food to prevent gastrointestinal upset.
- B. Take the medication 30 minutes before meals.
- C. Avoid dairy products while taking this medication.
- D. Take the medication at bedtime.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Take the medication 30 minutes before meals. Pyridostigmine is a cholinesterase inhibitor used to treat myasthenia gravis by improving muscle strength. Taking it before meals helps optimize its effects when muscle strength is needed the most during eating. Taking it with food (A) may delay absorption. Avoiding dairy products (C) is not necessary with pyridostigmine. Taking the medication at bedtime (D) may not be optimal for addressing muscle weakness during meal times.
A patient with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is prescribed warfarin. Which dietary instruction should the nurse provide?
- A. Avoid foods high in vitamin K.
- B. Increase intake of dairy products.
- C. Limit intake of citrus fruits.
- D. Avoid high-sodium foods.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Avoid foods high in vitamin K. Warfarin is a vitamin K antagonist, so consuming high-vitamin K foods can counteract its effects. By avoiding such foods, the medication can work effectively in preventing further blood clot formation. Choice B is incorrect because dairy products do not directly interact with warfarin. Choice C is incorrect as citrus fruits do not have a significant impact on warfarin therapy. Choice D is incorrect as sodium intake is not directly related to the action of warfarin.
A patient with hyperlipidemia is prescribed atorvastatin. What lab test should be monitored periodically to assess for adverse effects?
- A. Liver function tests
- B. Complete blood count
- C. Blood glucose levels
- D. Serum potassium
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Atorvastatin is a statin medication commonly known to potentially cause liver damage.
2. Monitoring liver function tests periodically helps assess for any liver abnormalities.
3. Elevated liver enzymes may indicate liver injury from atorvastatin.
4. Monitoring liver function tests allows for early detection and management of adverse effects.
Summary:
A: Monitoring liver function tests is crucial due to atorvastatin's potential hepatotoxicity.
B: Complete blood count is not typically affected by atorvastatin.
C: Blood glucose levels are not directly related to atorvastatin use.
D: Serum potassium is not specifically monitored for atorvastatin-related adverse effects.
A client with acute pancreatitis is experiencing severe abdominal pain. Which enzyme level should the nurse monitor closely?
- A. Serum amylase.
- B. Serum sodium.
- C. Serum calcium.
- D. Serum potassium.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Serum amylase. In acute pancreatitis, damaged pancreatic cells release amylase into the bloodstream, causing elevated serum amylase levels. Monitoring serum amylase helps in diagnosing and assessing the severity of pancreatitis.
Incorrect choices:
B: Serum sodium - Serum sodium levels are typically not directly affected by pancreatitis.
C: Serum calcium - While hypocalcemia can occur in severe pancreatitis, monitoring serum calcium is not as specific for pancreatitis diagnosis or severity assessment as serum amylase.
D: Serum potassium - Potassium levels may be affected in pancreatitis due to vomiting or dehydration, but monitoring serum potassium is not as specific to pancreatitis as serum amylase.
During an assessment, a healthcare professional suspects a client has cholecystitis. What is a common symptom of this condition?
- A. Right upper quadrant pain
- B. Left lower quadrant pain
- C. Generalized abdominal pain
- D. Epigastric pain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Right upper quadrant pain. Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, typically caused by gallstones. The gallbladder is located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, so pain in this area is a common symptom. The pain may also radiate to the back or right shoulder. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not typically align with the specific location of the gallbladder or the characteristic pain associated with cholecystitis.