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A patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus has been prescribed a glucagon emergency kit for home use. When should the nurse instruct the patient and family that glucagon needs to be administered?
- A. Before meals to prevent hyperglycemia.
- B. When signs of severe hypoglycemia occur.
- C. When unable to eat during sick days.
- D. At the onset of signs of diabetic ketoacidosis.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glucagon treats severe hypoglycemia (B) by mobilizing liver glucose stores. It’s not for preventing hyperglycemia (A), sick-day management (C), or diabetic ketoacidosis (D), which requires insulin and medical intervention.
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An older adult with iron deficiency anemia is being discharged with a prescription for ferrous sulfate enteric-coated tablets. To promote the best absorption of the medication, what information should the nurse include in the discharge instructions?
- A. The best time to take the tablet is at bedtime.
- B. Crush the tablets and mix with pudding.
- C. Wait 2 hours after meals to take the tablet.
- D. Take the tablet with a daily multivitamin.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ferrous sulfate is best absorbed on an empty stomach, 2 hours after meals (C). Bedtime dosing (A) isn’t specific to absorption. Crushing enteric-coated tablets (B) disrupts their protective coating. Multivitamins (D) may contain minerals that reduce iron absorption.
A patient with heart failure develops hyperaldosteronism and is prescribed spironolactone. What instructions should the nurse include in the patient’s care plan?
- A. Substitute salt with a salt substitute.
- B. Protect your skin before going outside.
- C. Limit intake of high-potassium foods.
- D. Monitor skin for excessive bruising.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: This question is identical to Question 7. Spironolactone increases potassium retention, so limiting high-potassium foods (C) prevents hyperkalemia. Salt substitutes (A) contain potassium. Sun protection (B) and bruising (D) are unrelated. Note: Duplicate question; consider removing.
A patient with open-angle glaucoma asks the nurse about the duration of use for the prescribed eye drops. What is the nurse’s accurate response?
- A. For long-term control of pain and swelling.
- B. Until a smaller angle can be restored.
- C. Until the excess pressure is reduced.
- D. For long-term control of normal eye pressure.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Open-angle glaucoma requires lifelong eye drops to maintain normal intraocular pressure (D). They don’t control pain/swelling (A) or restore angles (B). Pressure reduction (C) is ongoing, not temporary.
Rivastigmine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, is prescribed for a female patient with early-stage Alzheimer’s Disease. The patient’s daughter tells the nurse that she plans to start administering the drug when her mother’s symptoms worsen, hoping to avoid nursing home placement. How should the nurse respond?
- A. Affirm the decision to use the medication when the symptoms start to worsen.
- B. Explain that the drug should be used early in the disease process.
- C. Assess the patient’s current mental status before deciding to support the decision.
- D. Confirm that the daughter is aware of the progressive nature of the disease.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rivastigmine is most effective early in Alzheimer’s (B) to slow symptom progression. Delaying until worsening (A) reduces benefits. Mental status assessment (C) informs but doesn’t guide timing. Discussing disease progression (D) is secondary to medication timing.
A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with stage 4 cancer who has a prescription for a subcutaneous morphine sulfate patch for pain. The client is short of breath and difficult to arouse. During a head-to-toe assessment, the nurse finds four patches on the client’s body. What should be the nurse’s first action?
- A. Administer a narcotic reversal drug.
- B. Apply an oxygen face mask.
- C. Remove the morphine patches.
- D. Monitor the client’s blood pressure.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Four morphine patches suggest overdose, causing respiratory depression and sedation. Removing the patches (C) stops further absorption. Naloxone (A) or oxygen (B) may follow, but removal is first. Blood pressure monitoring (D) is secondary.