Nokea
A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus asks the nurse how metformin decreases blood sugar. What is the best response by the nurse?
- A. the medication decreases glucose production in the liver
- B. the medication increases insulin resistance of the cells in the body
- C. the medication blocks carbohydrate absorption in the intestine
- D. the medication increases insulin release from the pancreas
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Metformin lowers blood sugar primarily by reducing hepatic glucose production (Choice A), correct here. Choice B is wrong; it decreases, not increases, insulin resistance. Choice C is incorrect; it doesn't block carbohydrate absorption (like acarbose). Choice D is false; it doesn't stimulate insulin release (like sulfonylureas). The answer key matches.
You may also like to solve these questions
The nurse administers a prescribed medication that is supplied as an enteric-coated tablet. The patient asks the nurse about this form of tablet. When describing how this tablet is absorbed, which response by the nurse would be most accurate?
- A. The medication dissolves directly from the stomach into the body
- B. The drug breaks up into pieces as it moves through the stomach
- C. The medication bypasses the GI tract and goes quickly into the bloodstream
- D. The drug dissolves into fragments after it reaches your small intestine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Enteric-coated tablets dissolve in the small intestine (D), per the text. Stomach dissolution (A, B) is incorrect due to the coating, and bypassing GI (C) is false. The text explains the alkaline-triggered release, making D the most accurate response.
When reviewing the phases of drug development, the nurse finds a discussion about the postmarketing surveillance phase. Which one of the following activities would the nurse expect to find as being carried out during this phase?
- A. Health care providers report adverse effects to FDA
- B. Healthy volunteers are involved in the test
- C. In vitro tests are performed using human cells
- D. The drug is given to patients with the disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Reporting adverse effects to the FDA (A) occurs in postmarketing surveillance, per the text. Healthy volunteers (B), in vitro tests (C), and patient trials (D) are earlier phases. The text specifies this phase monitors real-world effects, making A the expected activity.
If redistribution occurs between specific sites and nonspecific sites, a drug's action will be
- A. prolonged.
- B. extended.
- C. decreased.
- D. terminated.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Redistribution to nonspecific sites terminates action (D), per the text, making it correct. A, B, and C suggest continuation, ruling them out.
A common side effect of PCSK9 inhibitors (Inclisiran) is:
- A. Injection-site reactions
- B. Hyperglycemia
- C. Hypertension
- D. Hyperkalemia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A' is correct because PCSK9 inhibitors like inclisiran commonly cause injection-site reactions (e.g., redness), per clinical trials. 'B' (hyperglycemia), 'C' (hypertension), and 'D' (hyperkalemia) are rare. Subcutaneous delivery drives this side effect.
Side effects of amiodarone are all except
- A. Pulmonary fibrosis
- B. Hepatotoxicity
- C. Hypothyroidism
- D. Nephrotoxicity
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: D' is correct because nephrotoxicity isn't a common amiodarone side effect, unlike 'A' (pulmonary fibrosis), 'B' (hepatotoxicity), and 'C' (hypothyroidism), per toxicology. Amiodarone's iodine content and long half-life drive multi-organ effects, but kidneys are spared.