Nokea
A patients current antiretroviral regimen includes nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). What dietary counseling will the nurse provide based on the patients medication regimen?
- A. Avoid high-fat meals while taking this medication.
- B. Limit fluid intake to 2 liters a day.
- C. Limit sodium intake to 2 grams per day.
- D. Take this medication without regard to meals.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Many NRTIs exist, but all of them may be safely taken without regard to meals. Protein, fluid, and sodium restrictions play no role in relation to these drugs.
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A public health nurse is preparing an educational campaign to address a recent local increase in the incidence of HIV infection. The nurse should prioritize which of the following interventions?
- A. Lifestyle actions that improve immune function
- B. Educational programs that focus on control and prevention
- C. Appropriate use of standard precautions
- D. Screening programs for youth and young adults
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Until an effective vaccine is developed, preventing HIV by eliminating and reducing risk behaviors is essential. Educational interventions are the primary means by which behaviors can be influenced. Screening is appropriate, but education is paramount. Enhancing immune function does not prevent HIV infection. Ineffective use of standard precautions apply to very few cases of HIV infection.
A nurse is caring for a patient hospitalized with AIDS. A friend comes to visit the patient and privately asks the nurse about the risk of contracting HIV when visiting the patient. What is the nurses best response?
- A. Do you think that you might already have HIV?
- B. Dont worry. Your immune system is likely very healthy.
- C. AIDS isnt transmitted by casual contact.
- D. You cant contract AIDS in a hospital setting.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: AIDS is commonly transmitted by contact with blood and body fluids. Patients, family, and friends must be reassured that HIV is not spread through casual contact. A healthy immune system is not necessarily a protection against HIV. A hospital setting does not necessarily preclude HIV infection.
A patient has come into the free clinic asking to be tested for HIV infection. The patient asks the nurse how the test works. The nurse responds that if the testing shows that antibodies to the AIDS virus are present in the blood, this indicates what?
- A. The patient is immune to HIV.
- B. The patients immune system is intact.
- C. The patient has AIDS-related complications.
- D. The patient has been infected with HIV.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Positive test results indicate that antibodies to the AIDS virus are present in the blood. The presence of antibodies does not imply an intact immune system or specific immunity to HIV. This finding does not indicate the presence of AIDS-related complications.
A nurse is addressing the incidence and prevalence of HIV infection among older adults. What principle should guide the nurses choice of educational interventions?
- A. Many older adults do not see themselves as being at risk for HIV infection.
- B. Many older adults are not aware of the difference between HIV and AIDS.
- C. Older adults tend to have more sex partners than younger adults.
- D. Older adults have the highest incidence of intravenous drug use.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: It is known that many older adults do not see themselves as being at risk for HIV infection. Knowledge of the relationship between HIV infection and AIDS is not known to affect the incidence of new cases. The statements about sex partners and IV drug use are untrue.
A nurse is planning the care of a patient with AIDS who is admitted to the unit with Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). Which nursing diagnosis has the highest priority for this patient?
- A. Ineffective Airway Clearance
- B. Impaired Oral Mucous Membranes
- C. Imbalanced Nutrition: Less than Body Requirements
- D. Activity Intolerance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Although all these nursing diagnoses are appropriate for a patient with AIDS, Ineffective Airway Clearance is the priority nursing diagnosis for the patient with Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). Airway and breathing take top priority over the other listed concerns.