Nokea
A patient's recently elevated BP has prompted the primary care provider to prescribe furosemide (Lasix). The nurse should closely monitor which of the following?
- A. The client's oxygen saturation level
- B. The patient's red blood cells, hematocrit, and hemoglobin
- C. The patient's level of consciousness
- D. The patient's potassium level
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Loop diuretics can cause potassium depletion. They do not normally affect level of consciousness, erythrocytes, or oxygen saturation.
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Which is correct regarding HDL?
- A. It is the biggest lipoprotein
- B. Its lipid content is higher than its protein content
- C. Removes cholesterol from the periphery and delivers to liver for metabolism
- D. Has an insignificant role in cholesterol transportation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: HDL removes cholesterol from tissues and delivers it to the liver, aiding reverse cholesterol transport.
Heart murmurs are often heard in individuals with abnormalities in the of the heart.
- A. valves
- B. myocardium
- C. SA node
- D. AV node
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Heart murmurs are typically caused by turbulent blood flow due to defective valves, not the myocardium (heart muscle) or nodes (electrical system).
In which dysrhythmias should treatment be instituted immediately?
- A. Asymptomatic sinus bradycardia at a heart rate of 50 beats/min
- B. Fever-induced tachycardia at 122 beats/min
- C. Premature atrial complexes occurring every 20 seconds
- D. Atrial fibrillation with a ventricular rate of 220 beats/min
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Atrial fibrillation is a completely disorganized and irregular atrial rhythm accompanied by an irregular ventricular rhythm of variable rate. Atrial fibrillation causes the atria to quiver rather than to contract forcefully. This allows blood to become stagnant in the atria and may lead to formation of thrombi. This condition requires resuscitation because of the reduction in cardiac output. The cause of the bradycardia should be investigated, but is not treated emergently when an individual is not exhibiting any symptoms. Fever-induced tachycardia will correct itself once the fever is lowered. Dysrhythmias are treated if they produce significant symptoms or are expected to progress to a more serious level.
The common iliac artery is in which blood circuit?
- A. pulmonary
- B. coronary
- C. systemic
- D. pelvic
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The common iliac artery is part of the systemic circuit, delivering blood to the lower body.
According to the Frank-Starling law, stroke volume increases as a function of:
- A. increasing heart rate.
- B. decreasing heart rate.
- C. increasing end-diastolic volume.
- D. increasing venous return.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Frank-Starling law states that the stroke volume of the heart increases in response to an increase in the volume of blood filling the heart (the end diastolic volume) when all other factors remain constant.