Nokea
A PET scan involves the injection of
- A. radioactive sugar
- B. iodine
- C. metal particles
- D. xenon gas
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: PET scans use radioactive glucose (sugar) to measure brain activity, aiding in diagnosing mental disorders.
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Which of the following behaviors is characteristic of anorexia nervosa?
- A. Binge eating followed by purging.
- B. Self-induced vomiting after meals.
- C. Restricting food intake and an intense fear of gaining weight.
- D. Eating large quantities of food and then exercising excessively.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because anorexia nervosa is characterized by restricting food intake and having an intense fear of gaining weight. This behavior leads to severe weight loss and malnutrition. Choice A is typically associated with bulimia nervosa, where binge eating is followed by purging. Choice B also aligns with bulimia, as self-induced vomiting is a common purging behavior. Choice D describes behaviors more typical of binge eating disorder, where individuals consume large quantities of food followed by excessive exercise. In anorexia nervosa, the primary focus is on severe food restriction and the fear of weight gain, leading to significantly low body weight.
A woman has been severely beaten by her husband, has no relatives or friends in the community, is afraid to return home, has no financial resources of her own, and has no job skills. Which would be the most important referral for the nurse to make?
- A. Community food cupboard
- B. Vocational counseling
- C. Law enforcement
- D. Safe house or shelter
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Safe house or shelter. This option is the most important referral because the woman is in immediate danger and needs a safe place to stay away from her abusive husband. It prioritizes her safety and well-being. Referring her to a safe house can provide her with protection, resources, and support to help her escape the abusive situation.
Choice A (Community food cupboard) is incorrect as it does not address the woman's immediate safety needs. Choice B (Vocational counseling) is also not the most urgent referral in this situation as the woman's safety should be the priority. Choice C (Law enforcement) might be necessary in the long run, but the immediate concern is ensuring the woman's safety by referring her to a safe house or shelter.
An adult experienced a myocardial infarction six months ago. At a follow-up visit, this adult says, 'I haven't had much interest in sex since my heart attack. I finished my rehabilitation program, but having sex strains my heart. I don't know if my heart is strong enough.' Which nursing diagnosis applies?
- A. Deficient knowledge related to faulty perception of health status
- B. Disturbed self-concept related to required lifestyle changes
- C. Disturbed body image related to treatment side effects
- D. Sexual dysfunction related to self-esteem disturbance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Deficient knowledge related to faulty perception of health status. The patient's statement indicates a lack of understanding about their health status and the impact of their myocardial infarction on their sexual activity. The patient is attributing their decreased interest in sex to a fear of straining their heart, indicating a faulty perception of their health status. This nursing diagnosis addresses the patient's need for education and clarification about their condition to alleviate their concerns and improve their confidence in engaging in sexual activity safely.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not directly address the patient's lack of knowledge and faulty perception about their health status. Disturbed self-concept (B) relates more to how the patient perceives themselves due to lifestyle changes, while disturbed body image (C) pertains to physical appearance changes. Sexual dysfunction (D) is related to difficulties in sexual function, which is not the primary issue in this scenario.
A new nurse asks, 'My elderly patient has Lewy body disease. What should I do about assessing for pain?' Select the best response from the nurse manager.
- A. Ask the patients family if they think the patient is experiencing pain.'
- B. Use a visual analog scale to help the patient determine the presence and severity of pain.'
- C. There are special scales for assessing patients with dementia. Lets review how to use them.'
- D. The perception of pain is diminished by this type of dementia. Focus your assessment on the patients mental status.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lewy body disease is a form of dementia. There are special scales to assess the presence and severity of pain in patients with dementia. The Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia Scale evaluates breathing, negative vocalizations, body language, and consolability. A patient with dementia would be unable to use a visual analog scale. The family may be able to help the nurse gain perspective about the pain, but this strategy alone is inadequate. The other distracters are myths.
After being raped, a woman was told by her aunt, 'I'm not surprised that happened to you. You were asking for it.' A few days later, a friend told her, 'Well after all, he took you to dinner. He expected something in return.' The victim states, 'I can't believe that people can think that way.' The rape crisis nurse correctly hypothesizes that the client is:
- A. Experiencing cognitive dissonance.
- B. In denial about the rape.
- C. Seeking validation from others.
- D. None of the above.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Experiencing cognitive dissonance. Cognitive dissonance refers to the mental discomfort or conflict that occurs when a person's beliefs or attitudes are inconsistent with their actions or experiences. In this scenario, the woman is facing conflicting beliefs - she knows she did not ask for or deserve to be raped, yet the comments from her aunt and friend suggest otherwise. This leads to the woman feeling disbelief and distress.
Summary:
B: In denial about the rape - This choice does not address the conflicting beliefs the woman is experiencing.
C: Seeking validation from others - While seeking validation may be a natural response, it does not capture the essence of cognitive dissonance in this context.