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A physically and emotionally healthy client has just been fired. During a routine office visit, he states to a nurse: 'Perhaps this was the best thing to happen. Maybe I'll look into pursuing an art degree.' How should the nurse characterize the client's appraisal of the job loss stressor?
- A. Irrelevant
- B. Harm/loss
- C. Threatening
- D. Challenging
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The client's statement indicates that he views the job loss as an opportunity for growth and a new direction in life rather than a threat or harm/loss. He sees it as a challenge and is considering it positively, demonstrating resilience and adaptability in the face of adversity. Choice A, 'Irrelevant,' is incorrect as the client's response shows relevance and a positive outlook. Choice B, 'Harm/loss,' is incorrect as the client does not express a sense of harm or loss but rather opportunity. Choice C, 'Threatening,' is incorrect as the client's response does not convey fear or threat but rather a positive reframe of the situation.
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A nurse is providing education to the family of a client who has been diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Encourage the client to avoid caffeine.
- B. Encourage the client to participate in physical activity.
- C. Encourage the client to express their feelings.
- D. Encourage the client to avoid isolation.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse should instruct the family to encourage the client to avoid isolation. Social support and interaction are crucial for individuals with major depressive disorder as it can help in improving mood, reducing feelings of loneliness, and providing a sense of belonging and support. Choices A, B, and C are not the most appropriate instructions for a client with major depressive disorder. While avoiding caffeine can be beneficial for some individuals with anxiety or sleep issues, it is not a primary intervention for major depressive disorder. Encouraging physical activity and expressing feelings are important aspects of managing depression, but avoiding isolation is more critical to address first.
Which intervention would be appropriate for assisting a client diagnosed with major depressive disorder?
- A. Encourage discussion of feelings
- B. Offer family therapy sessions
- C. Discuss childhood events
- D. Teach alternate coping skills
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Offering family therapy sessions would be the most appropriate intervention for a client diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Family therapy can be beneficial as it addresses interpersonal relationships within the family system, which is crucial in managing major depressive disorder effectively. This approach aligns with Sullivan's interpersonal theory, which emphasizes the impact of interpersonal relationships on individual behavior and personality development. In contrast, encouraging discussion of feelings, discussing childhood events, or teaching alternate coping skills may not directly address the interpersonal dynamics contributing to the client's major depressive disorder.
A healthcare professional is assessing a client who appears to be experiencing moderate anxiety during questioning. Which symptom shouldn't the healthcare professional expect?
- A. Fidgeting
- B. Laughing inappropriately
- C. Palpitations
- D. Nail biting
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Palpitations are not typically associated with moderate anxiety. Fidgeting, laughing inappropriately, and nail biting are common behavioral symptoms of heightened stress levels. Palpitations may be more indicative of physiological responses, such as increased heart rate, which can occur in severe anxiety or panic attacks. Other signs of severe anxiety include restlessness, difficulty concentrating, muscle tension, and sleep disturbances.
A healthcare provider is assessing a client diagnosed with avoidant personality disorder. Which of the following behaviors should the healthcare provider expect?
- A. Social inhibition
- B. Fear of criticism
- C. Desire for close relationships
- D. Fear of abandonment
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Individuals with avoidant personality disorder commonly display social inhibition and a fear of criticism or rejection. While they may have a desire for close relationships, they tend to avoid them due to their fear of disapproval and negative evaluation by others. Fear of criticism (Choice B) is also a characteristic behavior seen in individuals with avoidant personality disorder. However, the primary behavior associated with this disorder is social inhibition (Choice A), where individuals tend to be reserved and avoid social interactions. Desiring close relationships (Choice C) may be present, but the fear of rejection typically prevents individuals from pursuing these relationships. Fear of abandonment (Choice D) is more commonly associated with borderline personality disorder rather than avoidant personality disorder.
A distraught, single, first-time mother cries and asks a nurse, 'How can I go to work if I can't afford childcare?' What is the nurse's initial action in assisting the client with the problem-solving process?
- A. Determine the risks and benefits of each alternative.
- B. Formulate goals for resolving the problem.
- C. Evaluate the outcome of the implemented solution.
- D. Assess the facts of the situation.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In this scenario, the nurse's first step should be to assess the facts of the situation. By gathering accurate information about the client's circumstances related to childcare and work, the nurse can better understand the client's needs and concerns, which is essential before proceeding with any problem-solving process. Choice A is incorrect because assessing risks and benefits comes later in the problem-solving process. Choice B is incorrect as formulating goals should follow a thorough assessment. Choice C is incorrect since evaluating outcomes happens after implementing a solution, which is premature at this stage.