Nokea
A physician prescribes diuretic therapy to a client with nephrotic syndrome. The nurse suspects that the client is hyponatremic based on assessment of which of the following?
- A. Paresthesias
- B. Tremors
- C. Visual hallucination
- D. Tachycardia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse should monitor for tachycardia, cold and clammy skin, confusion, and hypotension in the client experiencing hyponatremia.
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A nurse suspects that a client who is receiving acetazolamide is developing hyponatremia based on assessment of which of the following? Select all that apply.
- A. Bradycardia
- B. Anorexia
- C. Hypotension
- D. Hypoglycemia
- E. Decreased skin turgor
Correct Answer: C,E
Rationale: The following are signs of hyponatremia: cold, clammy skin; decreased skin turgor; confusion; hypotension; irritability; and tachycardia.
The nurse understands that the use of diuretics is contraindicated in clients with which of the following? Select all that apply.
- A. Hyponatremia
- B. Hypokalemia
- C. Hypertension
- D. Anuria
- E. Asthma
Correct Answer: A,B,D
Rationale: Diuretics are contraindicated in clients with known hypersensitivity to the drugs, electrolyte imbalance (hyponatremia and hypokalemia), severe kidney or liver dysfunction, and anuria.
A nurse caring for a client with diabetes controlled with metformin recently began taking a drug for edema. The nurse notices that the client's blood glucose levels are increasing. Which of the following diuretics are likely to cause hyperglycemia? Select all that apply.
- A. Hydrochlorothiazide
- B. Furosemide
- C. Chlorthalidone
- D. Acetazolamide
- E. Metolazone
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: Thiazide diuretics, like hydrochlorothiazide, chlorthalidone, and metolazone, can result in hyperglycemia in clients receiving antidiabetic drugs, like metformin.
A primary health care provider has prescribed a loop diuretic for a client with hypertension. The client also has diabetes mellitus. The nurse would assess the client for which of the following after administering the drug?
- A. Sudden pain in the joints
- B. Increased blood glucose levels
- C. Occurrence of gout attacks
- D. Sudden increase in weight
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse should monitor for increased blood glucose levels in the diabetic client receiving a loop diuretic.
When describing the different classes of diuretics, the nursing instructor would include which of the following as sulfonamides, with nonbacteriostatic action, that inhibit the enzyme carbonic anhydrase? Select all that apply.
- A. Furosemide
- B. Acetazolamide
- C. Hydrochlorothiazide
- D. Methazolamide
- E. Torsemide
Correct Answer: B,D
Rationale: Acetazolamide and methazolamide are carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Furosemide and torsemide are loop diuretics. Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic.