Nokea
A postpartum client who delivered twins expresses concerns about breastfeeding both infants simultaneously. What nursing intervention should be prioritized to address the client's concerns?
- A. Demonstrating tandem breastfeeding positions and techniques
- B. Recommending the use of nipple shields to facilitate latch for both infants
- C. Encouraging the client to alternate breastfeeding sessions between the infants
- D. Referring the client to a lactation consultant for assistance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Demonstrating tandem breastfeeding positions and techniques should be prioritized as the nursing intervention to address the client's concerns about breastfeeding both infants simultaneously. Tandem breastfeeding involves nursing twins at the same time and can help enhance milk production, promote bonding with both infants, and save time for the mother. By showing the client the proper positions and techniques for tandem breastfeeding, the nurse can empower the client with the knowledge and skills needed to successfully breastfeed both infants together. This intervention can ultimately support the client in feeling more confident and competent in managing the challenges of breastfeeding twins.
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Which of the following would the nurse expect to see as symptoms in a child with ADHD?
- A. Moody, sullen and pouting behavior
- B. Interrupts others and can't take turns
- C. Excessive running, climbing and. fidgeting
- D. Easily distracted and forgetful
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Children with ADHD often display hyperactive and impulsive behaviors, such as excessive running, climbing, and fidgeting. These behaviors are characteristic symptoms of the hyperactive-impulsive subtype of ADHD. Children with ADHD may struggle to sit still, have difficulty engaging in quiet activities, and often seem on the go. Therefore, the nurse would expect to see signs of excessive movement and restlessness in a child with ADHD.
In the ethical principle of beneficence, which is the BASIS of every nursing action in all work settings?
- A. Treating all patients selectively.
- B. Informing patients of hospital bills.
- C. Respecting refusal of treatment.
- D. Doing good at all times.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The ethical principle of beneficence, which is the basis of every nursing action in all work settings, emphasizes the importance of doing good at all times for the benefit of the patient. Nurses are expected to act in the best interest of their patients and strive to promote their well-being and welfare. This principle guides nurses to provide care that is compassionate, effective, and in line with the patient's needs and preferences. By prioritizing the good of the patient in all actions and decisions, nurses uphold the principle of beneficence and demonstrate their commitment to promoting positive outcomes for those under their care.
A patient with chronic kidney disease is prescribed erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs) to manage anemia. Which laboratory parameter should be monitored closely during ESA therapy?
- A. Serum potassium
- B. Serum creatinine
- C. Hemoglobin
- D. Platelet count
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs) are prescribed to manage anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease. Monitoring the hemoglobin level closely during ESA therapy is crucial to ensure that the treatment is effective in increasing red blood cell production without causing excessive elevation. Hemoglobin levels should be checked regularly to adjust the ESA dosage accordingly and prevent risks associated with high hematocrit levels, such as increasing blood viscosity and cardiovascular events. Monitoring serum potassium, creatinine, and platelet count are important in the management of chronic kidney disease for different reasons, but for ESA therapy, monitoring hemoglobin is the most essential parameter.
A patient is prescribed a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) for the management of pain. Which adverse effect should the nurse monitor closely in the patient?
- A. Hypotension
- B. Hyperkalemia
- C. Gastrointestinal bleeding
- D. Hyperglycemia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: NSAIDs are commonly known to increase the risk of gastrointestinal adverse effects, including gastritis, ulcers, and gastrointestinal bleeding. This risk is due to the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, which plays a protective role in the gastrointestinal mucosa. Gastrointestinal bleeding can manifest as symptoms such as black, tarry stools, vomiting blood, or abdominal pain. Therefore, it is crucial for the nurse to closely monitor the patient for signs and symptoms of gastrointestinal bleeding while taking NSAIDs to prevent potentially serious complications. Hypotension, hyperkalemia, and hyperglycemia are not commonly associated with NSAIDs use, making them less likely adverse effects to monitor for in this scenario.
Which of the following terms refers to the process by which antibodies coat the surface of pathogens, marking them for destruction by phagocytes or complement proteins?
- A. Opsonization
- B. Neutralization
- C. Agglutination
- D. Precipitation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Opsonization refers to the process by which antibodies bind to the surface of pathogens, marking them for destruction by phagocytes or complement proteins. This coating of antibodies enhances the ability of the immune system to recognize and eliminate the pathogens effectively. Phagocytes (such as macrophages and neutrophils) are better able to engulf and digest pathogens that have been opsonized, as the antibodies attached to the pathogen surface signal to the phagocytes that they are foreign invaders. This process is crucial in the body's immune response to infections and helps in clearing pathogens from the system.