Nokea
A practical test to differentiate between myasthenia crisis and cholinergic crisis is by injecting the patient:
- A. Neostigmine
- B. Hyoscine
- C. Edrophonium
- D. Succinylcholine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: Edrophonium is used to differentiate myasthenia crisis and cholinergic crisis by temporarily improving muscle weakness in myasthenia crisis but worsening symptoms in cholinergic crisis. Neostigmine (A) and Succinylcholine (D) can exacerbate cholinergic crisis. Hyoscine (B) is not used for this purpose.
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A patient is admitted to the hospital with thyrotoxicosis. On physical assessment of the patient, what should the nurse expect to find?
- A. Hoarseness and laryngeal stridor
- B. Bulging eyeballs and dysrhythmias
- C. Elevated temperature and signs of heart failure
- D. Lethargy progressing suddenly to impairment of consciousness
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Thyrotoxicosis often causes hyperthermia, tachycardia, and signs of heart failure due to increased metabolic demand from excessive thyroid hormone levels.
In type 1 diabetes there is an osmotic effect of glucose when insulin deficiency prevents the use of glucose for energy. Which classic symptom is caused by the osmotic effect of glucose?
- A. Fatigue
- B. Polyphagia
- C. Polydipsia
- D. Recurrent infections
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Polydipsia is caused by the osmotic effect of glucose, leading to excessive urination and increased thirst.
What is the role of the adrenal gland during moments of danger?
- A. Secrete hormones that lower metabolism.
- B. Secrete hormones that speed up digestion.
- C. Secrete hormones that increase heart rate and blood pressure.
- D. Secrete hormones that decrease heart rate and blood pressure.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because during moments of danger, the adrenal gland secretes hormones like adrenaline and cortisol to prepare the body for a "fight or flight" response. These hormones increase heart rate and blood pressure to supply more oxygen and nutrients to the muscles, enabling the body to react quickly to the danger. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because lowering metabolism, speeding up digestion, and decreasing heart rate and blood pressure are not adaptive responses to danger.
Which of the following is the most important effect of somatotropic hormone?
- A. Promotion of the urinary excretion of calcium
- B. Growth of the musculoskeletal system
- C. Regulation of sodium and water balance
- D. Initiates and sustains labor to terminate pregnancy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Growth of the musculoskeletal system. Somatotropic hormone, also known as growth hormone, plays a crucial role in stimulating growth and development of bones, muscles, and tissues. It promotes the growth of the musculoskeletal system by stimulating the production of proteins that are essential for muscle and bone growth. This effect is the most important function of somatotropic hormone as it directly impacts overall body growth and physical development.
Explanation for other choices:
A: Promotion of the urinary excretion of calcium - This is not a primary function of somatotropic hormone. Calcium regulation is mainly controlled by other hormones like parathyroid hormone and calcitonin.
C: Regulation of sodium and water balance - This function is primarily controlled by hormones like aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone, not somatotropic hormone.
D: Initiates and sustains labor to terminate pregnancy - Labor initiation is regulated by hormones like oxytocin and prostaglandins, not somat
Which of the following is not a steroid-based hormone?
- A. estrogen
- B. aldosterone
- C. epinephrine
- D. cortisone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: epinephrine. Steroid-based hormones are derived from cholesterol and include estrogen, aldosterone, and cortisone. Epinephrine is a catecholamine hormone, not a steroid hormone. Catecholamines are derived from the amino acid tyrosine, not cholesterol like steroid hormones. Therefore, epinephrine does not belong to the category of steroid-based hormones.