Nokea
A pregnant patient asks the nurse when her infant's heart will begin to pump blood. What will the nurse reply?
- A. By the end of week 3
- B. Beginning in week 8
- C. By the end of week 16
- D. Beginning in week 24
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The fetal heart begins to pump by week 3 of gestation.
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A patient at the obstetric office has just learned she is pregnant with dizygotic twins. What facts will the nurse include when educating this patient? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Dizygotic twins are the same sex.
- B. Dizygotic twins share a placenta.
- C. Dizygotic pregnancies tend to repeat in families.
- D. Dizygotic twins have separate chorions.
- E. Dizygotic twin incidence decreases with maternal age.
Correct Answer: C,D
Rationale: Dizygotic twins tend to repeat in families and have separate chorions. They can be the same sex or different sexes and have their own placenta. Incidence increases with maternal age.
What are the functions of amniotic fluid? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Maintaining an even temperature
- B. Impeding excessive fetal movement
- C. Lubricating fetal skin
- D. Acting as a reservoir for nutrients
- E. Acting as a cushion for the fetus
Correct Answer: A,E
Rationale: The amniotic fluid provides maintenance of even temperature; prevents amnion from adhering to fetal skin; allows buoyancy, symmetrical growth, and fetal movement; and acts as a cushion for the fetus. Although the fetus does swallow amniotic fluid, it has no nutritional value.
The nurse is reviewing fetal circulation with a pregnant patient and explains that blood circulates through the placenta to the fetus. What vessel(s) carry blood to the fetus?
- A. One umbilical vein
- B. Two umbilical veins
- C. One umbilical artery
- D. Two umbilical arteries
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The umbilical vein transports richly oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus.
The embryo is termed a fetus at which stage of prenatal development?
- A. 2 weeks
- B. 4 weeks
- C. 9 weeks
- D. 16 weeks
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The fetus (third stage of prenatal development) begins at the ninth week and continues until the 40th week of gestation or until birth.
Which hormone is responsible for converting the endometrium into decidual cells for implantation?
- A. Estrogen
- B. Human chorionic gonadotropin
- C. Human placental lactogen
- D. Progesterone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: At high levels, progesterone maintains the endometrial lining for implantation of the zygote.