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A pregnant patient at 28 weeks gestation reports feeling nauseated and vomiting after meals. What is the most appropriate action for the nurse to take?
- A. Encourage the patient to eat large meals less frequently.
- B. Recommend the patient eat smaller, more frequent meals and avoid greasy foods.
- C. Instruct the patient to rest after meals to reduce nausea.
- D. Advise the patient to avoid all foods until the nausea resolves.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Recommend the patient eat smaller, more frequent meals and avoid greasy foods. This is because smaller, more frequent meals can help alleviate nausea and vomiting during pregnancy by preventing the stomach from becoming too full. Greasy foods can exacerbate nausea, so avoiding them is beneficial.
A: Encouraging large meals less frequently can worsen symptoms by overwhelming the digestive system.
C: Resting after meals may not directly address the underlying cause of nausea and vomiting.
D: Avoiding all foods can lead to inadequate nutrition for both the patient and the developing fetus.
In summary, choice B is the most appropriate as it addresses the symptoms effectively and promotes better nutrition during pregnancy.
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A pregnant patient with a BMI of 35 is concerned about health effects she and her baby may face during pregnancy. During routine testing, the patient tested negative for sexually transmitted illnesses (STIs) and indicated that she is in a committed, long-term relationship with the child's father. Which of the following is accurate?
- A. The patient's infant is at increased risk of neonatal blindness.
- B. The patient's infant has a decreased risk of birth injury.
- C. The patient will have increased risk of wound infection.
- D. The patient will have a decreased risk of preeclampsia.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Pregnancy with a high BMI increases the risk of wound infection post-delivery due to delayed wound healing and increased tissue trauma.
2. Negative STI test and committed relationship decrease risks of neonatal blindness and birth injury.
3. Wound infection risk is directly related to BMI and not affected by STI status or relationship status.
Summary:
A: Incorrect - No connection between STI status or relationship status with neonatal blindness.
B: Incorrect - No direct relation between STI status or relationship status with birth injury risk.
D: Incorrect - Preeclampsia risk is not influenced by STI status or relationship status.
A nurse is assessing a postpartum person for signs of urinary retention. What is the most common sign of urinary retention in the postpartum period?
- A. Abdominal distension
- B. Frequent voiding
- C. No voiding for several hours
- D. Urinary urgency
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: No voiding for several hours. Postpartum urinary retention is common due to trauma during childbirth. The bladder may be unable to contract effectively, leading to a lack of sensation to void. This can result in no voiding for several hours. Abdominal distension (A) is not specific to urinary retention. Frequent voiding (B) and urinary urgency (D) are not characteristic signs of urinary retention; they are more indicative of overactive bladder or urinary tract infection.
A nurse is caring for a laboring person who is receiving oxytocin for induction of labor. What is the priority assessment during oxytocin infusion?
- A. monitor fetal heart rate continuously
- B. increase maternal hydration
- C. administer IV fluids
- D. assess uterine tone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because administering IV fluids is crucial during oxytocin infusion to prevent maternal dehydration and maintain fluid balance. This helps prevent complications such as uterine hyperstimulation and fetal distress. Monitoring fetal heart rate continuously (choice A) is important but not the priority. Increasing maternal hydration (choice B) is beneficial but does not address the immediate need for fluid replacement. Assessing uterine tone (choice D) is important but secondary to ensuring adequate hydration.
The nurse is caring for a 14-year-old patient who is 32 weeks pregnant. After complaining of genital sores and discomfort, the patient tests positive for syphilis. The fetus is at increased risk of which condition?
- A. Diabetes
- B. Blindness
- C. Pneumonia
- D. Hypertension
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Blindness. Syphilis infection during pregnancy can lead to congenital syphilis, which can cause a range of complications for the fetus, including blindness. The spirochete that causes syphilis can cross the placenta and affect the developing fetus, leading to various abnormalities. Blindness is a common manifestation of congenital syphilis due to damage to the eyes and optic nerve. The other options are not directly associated with syphilis infection during pregnancy. Diabetes, pneumonia, and hypertension are not typically linked to congenital syphilis and its effects on the fetus. Therefore, the correct answer is B: Blindness.
A pregnant patient is at 30 weeks gestation and reports severe heartburn after eating. What is the nurse's most appropriate intervention?
- A. Instruct the patient to take over-the-counter antacids and lie down to relieve symptoms.
- B. Encourage the patient to eat smaller meals and avoid lying down after eating.
- C. Advise the patient to avoid spicy foods and increase protein intake.
- D. Recommend that the patient take proton pump inhibitors for relief.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because encouraging the patient to eat smaller meals and avoid lying down after eating helps prevent stomach acid from refluxing into the esophagus, reducing heartburn. This intervention addresses the root cause of the symptoms during pregnancy. Option A is incorrect as antacids can provide temporary relief but do not prevent heartburn. Option C is incorrect as spicy foods and protein intake do not directly impact heartburn. Option D is incorrect as proton pump inhibitors are not typically recommended during pregnancy due to potential risks to the fetus.