Nokea
A pregnant patient at 30 weeks gestation reports experiencing dizziness and faintness when standing up. What is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
- A. Low blood sugar levels due to gestational diabetes.
- B. Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.
- C. Decreased blood pressure due to pregnancy-related changes.
- D. Anemia and low iron levels.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Decreased blood pressure due to pregnancy-related changes. During pregnancy, blood vessels dilate and the growing uterus can compress the vena cava, leading to decreased blood return to the heart when standing up, causing dizziness and faintness. This condition is known as orthostatic hypotension, common in the third trimester. Low blood sugar levels (choice A) and dehydration/electrolyte imbalance (choice B) can also cause dizziness but are less likely in this scenario. Anemia and low iron levels (choice D) can lead to fatigue and weakness but are less likely to cause dizziness and faintness when standing up in this context.
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The nurse is caring for a pregnant patient at 24 weeks gestation who reports increased vaginal discharge. What should the nurse do first?
- A. Assess the characteristics of the discharge, including color and odor.
- B. Encourage the patient to rest and monitor for changes in discharge.
- C. Instruct the patient to wear a sanitary pad and track the amount of discharge.
- D. Perform a pelvic exam to check for signs of infection or complications.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale:
Step 1: Assess characteristics of discharge - determining color and odor helps identify if it's normal or concerning.
Step 2: Based on assessment, decide next steps - presence of abnormal color or odor may indicate infection or other issues.
Step 3: Implement appropriate interventions - further evaluation or treatment as needed.
Summary:
- B: Resting and monitoring alone may not address the underlying cause of increased discharge.
- C: While tracking amount is important, it doesn't provide immediate information on potential infection.
- D: Performing a pelvic exam should come after initial assessment of discharge characteristics to guide further actions.
A nurse is caring for a pregnant patient who is experiencing nausea and vomiting. Which of the following should be included in the teaching plan?
- A. Eat small, frequent meals and avoid spicy or fatty foods.
- B. Drink large amounts of water to flush out toxins.
- C. Lie flat on your back to help settle your stomach.
- D. Avoid eating any food until the nausea resolves completely.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Eat small, frequent meals and avoid spicy or fatty foods. This is because small, frequent meals can help manage nausea by preventing the stomach from becoming too full, while avoiding spicy or fatty foods can reduce irritation and ease digestion. Option B is incorrect as excessive water intake can worsen nausea. Option C is wrong as lying flat on the back can exacerbate nausea and is not recommended during pregnancy. Option D is incorrect because skipping meals can lead to low blood sugar levels, worsening nausea. Overall, choice A aligns with evidence-based strategies for managing nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.
A woman who is 25 weeks pregnant asks the nurse what her fetus looks like. What does the nurse explain is one physical characteristic present in a 25-week-old fetus?
- A. Lanugo covering the body
- B. Constant motion
- C. Skin that is pink and smooth
- D. Eyes that are closed
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: By 25 weeks, the body of the fetus is covered with lanugo, the eyes are open, the skin is wrinkled, and the fetus has definite periods of movement and sleeping.
The component of development that programs the genetic code into the nucleus of the cell is ____________.
- A. DNA
- B. Plastoderm
- C. haploid
- D. Endoderm
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all living organisms. It programs the genetic code into the nucleus of the cell for replication and expression.
A nurse is caring for a postpartum person who is at risk for infection. What is the most important intervention to reduce the risk of infection?
- A. administer antibiotics
- B. apply a sterile dressing
- C. perform a vaginal exam
- D. administer pain relief
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A (administer antibiotics)
Rationale:
1. Administering antibiotics targets potential infection-causing pathogens directly.
2. Antibiotics help prevent the spread of infection within the body.
3. Prophylactic antibiotics are commonly used postpartum for high-risk individuals.
4. This intervention directly addresses the root cause of infection risk.
Summary:
B: Applying a sterile dressing is important for wound care but doesn't target systemic infection risk.
C: Performing a vaginal exam can introduce pathogens and increase infection risk.
D: Administering pain relief is important for comfort but doesn't directly reduce infection risk.