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A pregnant patient at 32 weeks gestation reports severe heartburn. What should the nurse recommend to relieve symptoms?
- A. Take over-the-counter antacids after every meal.
- B. Eat smaller, more frequent meals and avoid lying down after eating.
- C. Drink a large glass of water immediately after meals to dilute stomach acid.
- D. Increase caffeine intake to speed up digestion.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Eat smaller, more frequent meals and avoid lying down after eating. This recommendation helps prevent acid reflux by reducing the pressure on the stomach and ensuring that the stomach is not overly full. Eating smaller meals more frequently prevents the stomach from becoming too full, which can trigger heartburn. Avoiding lying down after eating helps prevent stomach acid from flowing back into the esophagus. Options A, C, and D are incorrect. Taking antacids after every meal can lead to excessive intake and potential side effects. Drinking water immediately after meals may exacerbate heartburn by diluting stomach acid further. Increasing caffeine intake can worsen heartburn symptoms due to its ability to relax the lower esophageal sphincter.
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The nurse plans to provide anticipatory guidance to a 10-week gravid client who is being seen in the prenatal clinic. Which of the following information should be a priority for the nurse to provide?
- A. Pain management during labor.
- B. Methods to relieve backaches.
- C. Breastfeeding positions.
- D. Characteristics of the newborn.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Backaches are a common complaint during pregnancy, and providing guidance on how to relieve them is a priority at this stage. Pain management during labor, breastfeeding positions, and newborn characteristics are typically addressed later in pregnancy.
What procedure might the nurse perform to determine the presentation of the fetus?
- A. vaginal exam
- B. ultrasound
- C. palpation of contractions
- D. laboring person interview
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: ultrasound. Ultrasound is the most accurate and non-invasive method to determine the presentation of the fetus by visualizing the position of the baby in the womb. It allows the nurse to see if the fetus is in a cephalic (head-down) or breech (feet or buttocks down) position. This information is crucial for assessing the progress of labor and planning appropriate interventions.
A: Vaginal exam is not typically used to determine fetal presentation as it does not provide a clear view of the baby's position.
C: Palpation of contractions helps assess the strength and frequency of contractions but does not directly determine fetal presentation.
D: Laboring person interview may provide valuable information about symptoms and history but does not offer direct insight into fetal presentation.
A nurse is assessing a pregnant patient at 18 weeks gestation who complains of feeling lightheaded when standing. What should the nurse advise the patient to do?
- A. Take deep breaths and lie flat on your back.
- B. Increase fluid intake and avoid standing for long periods.
- C. Take frequent rests while sitting upright.
- D. Change positions slowly and sit down immediately if feeling faint.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because changing positions slowly helps prevent a sudden drop in blood pressure, which can cause lightheadedness. Sitting down immediately if feeling faint promotes safety and prevents falls. Taking deep breaths and lying flat on the back (choice A) can exacerbate lightheadedness by reducing blood flow to the brain. Increasing fluid intake and avoiding prolonged standing (choice B) may help with other issues but may not directly address the lightheadedness. Taking frequent rests while sitting upright (choice C) does not address the issue of changing positions slowly to prevent lightheadedness.
The nurse is teaching a pregnant patient about the importance of folic acid. Which statement by the patient indicates that the teaching has been effective?
- A. Folic acid will help prevent spinal cord defects in my baby.
- B. Folic acid is important for healthy skin development.
- C. Folic acid will help reduce my risk of high blood pressure during pregnancy.
- D. Folic acid helps prevent excessive weight gain during pregnancy.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Folic acid is crucial for neural tube development in the fetus.
Step 2: Spinal cord defects are a type of neural tube defect.
Step 3: Statement A directly links folic acid to preventing spinal cord defects.
Therefore, choice A is correct as it demonstrates an understanding of the specific benefit of folic acid during pregnancy. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately reflect the primary role of folic acid in pregnancy.
What are late FHR decelerations caused by?
- A. Altered cerebral blood flow
- B. Umbilical cord compression
- C. Uteroplacental insufficiency
- D. Meconium fluid
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Uteroplacental insufficiency. Late FHR decelerations are caused by decreased blood flow and oxygen delivery to the fetus due to impaired uteroplacental circulation. This can result from conditions like placental abruption or placental insufficiency. Altered cerebral blood flow (A) is more related to early decelerations. Umbilical cord compression (B) typically causes variable decelerations. Meconium fluid (D) can lead to fetal distress but is not the primary cause of late decelerations.