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A pregnant patient is at 24 weeks gestation and reports feeling faint and lightheaded. What should the nurse recommend?
- A. Lie down immediately and rest until symptoms subside.
- B. Take deep breaths and drink a cold beverage to feel better.
- C. Get up slowly and take small sips of water throughout the day.
- D. Sit upright and monitor the symptoms for several hours.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because getting up slowly and taking small sips of water throughout the day helps maintain blood pressure and hydration, which can improve symptoms of feeling faint and lightheaded during pregnancy. Lying down immediately (choice A) may not address the underlying issue of potential low blood pressure. Taking deep breaths and drinking a cold beverage (choice B) may not address the need for increased fluid intake and gradual position changes. Sitting upright and monitoring symptoms (choice D) may not actively address the immediate need for hydration and blood pressure management.
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The nurse is caring for a pregnant patient who is at 30 weeks gestation and is diagnosed with preterm labor. What intervention is the nurse likely to implement first?
- A. Administering corticosteroids to enhance fetal lung maturity
- B. Administering magnesium sulfate to prevent seizures
- C. Administering antibiotics to prevent infection
- D. Starting a medication to stop the contractions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administering corticosteroids to enhance fetal lung maturity. Administering corticosteroids is the priority intervention in preterm labor at 30 weeks gestation as it helps accelerate fetal lung maturity, reducing the risk of respiratory distress syndrome. This intervention is crucial in improving neonatal outcomes. Administering magnesium sulfate (Choice B) is used to prevent seizures in preeclampsia, not preterm labor. Administering antibiotics (Choice C) is not the priority in preterm labor unless there is evidence of infection. Starting a medication to stop contractions (Choice D) may be necessary, but enhancing fetal lung maturity takes precedence to improve the baby's respiratory status.
Which clinical conditions are associated with increased levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Down syndrome
- B. Molar pregnancy
- C. Twin gestation
- D. Incorrect gestational age assessment of a normal fetus—estimation is earlier in the pregnancy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Elevated AFP levels are seen in multiple gestations, miscalculated gestational age, and threatened abortion.
A patient asks the nurse when her infant’s heart will begin to pump blood. What will the nurse reply?
- A. By the end of week 3
- B. Beginning in week 8
- C. At the end of week 16
- D. Beginning in week 24
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The fetal heart begins to pump by week 3 of gestation.
A nurse is caring for a patient in labor who is experiencing intense pain. Which of the following would be the most appropriate intervention to manage pain during labor?
- A. Encourage the patient to practice deep breathing and relaxation techniques.
- B. Administer intravenous fluids to reduce pain sensation.
- C. Provide a sedative to help the patient rest between contractions.
- D. Suggest an epidural to block pain completely.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Encourage the patient to practice deep breathing and relaxation techniques. This is the most appropriate intervention to manage pain during labor because deep breathing and relaxation techniques can help the patient to cope with the pain, reduce stress, and promote a sense of control. These techniques are safe, non-invasive, and can be effective in managing labor pain without the need for medication or invasive procedures.
Summary:
- Choice B (Administer intravenous fluids): Intravenous fluids do not directly reduce pain sensation and are not a primary intervention for managing labor pain.
- Choice C (Provide a sedative): Sedatives may affect the baby and can interfere with the progress of labor. They do not address the root cause of pain during labor.
- Choice D (Suggest an epidural): While epidurals can provide effective pain relief, they are not always necessary or desired by all patients. Encouraging non-pharmacological methods first is often preferred.
The nurse is reading an article that states that the maternal mortality rate in the United States in the year 2000 was 17. Which of the following statements would be an accurate interpretation of the statement?
- A. There were 17 maternal deaths in the United States in 2,000 per 100,000 live births.
- B. There were 17 maternal deaths in the United States in 2,000 per 100,000 women of childbearing age.
- C. There were 17 maternal deaths in the United States in 2,000 per 100,000 pregnancies.
- D. There were 17 maternal deaths in the United States in 2,000 per 100,000 women in the country
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Maternal mortality rates are typically expressed as the number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. This metric focuses specifically on deaths related to pregnancy or childbirth complications among women who have given birth, making option A the correct choice. Options B, C, and D refer to broader populations or less relevant denominators, which do not align with standard definitions of maternal mortality rates.