Nokea
A pregnant woman presents with sudden onset of severe lower abdominal pain and syncope. On examination, she appears pale, and her abdomen is distended and tense. Which of the following conditions is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
- A. Ectopic pregnancy
- B. Pelvic inflammatory disease
- C. Placenta previa
- D. Ruptured ovarian cyst
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Placenta previa is a condition in pregnancy where the placenta implants low in the uterus, partially or completely covering the cervix. This can lead to painless, bright red vaginal bleeding in the third trimester. However, in some cases, placenta previa can also present with sudden onset of severe lower abdominal pain and signs of shock, such as syncope, pallor, and abdominal distention due to concealed bleeding. In severe cases, the bleeding can be significant and life-threatening for both the mother and the baby. It is important to promptly diagnose and manage placenta previa to prevent complications.
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This law promotes the well being and living conditions of health workers especially those from the government managed facilities
- A. Continuing professional development
- B. Magna Carta for health workers
- C. Philippine qualifications framework
- D. Local government code
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Magna Carta for health workers is a law that specifically aims to promote the well-being and living conditions of health workers, particularly those employed in government-managed health facilities. It sets out the rights and benefits of health workers, addresses issues such as compensation, benefits, and working conditions, and promotes their professional growth and development. This law is crucial in ensuring that health workers are adequately supported and protected in the delivery of quality healthcare services to the public.
The nurse is developing a plan of care for the client with multiple myeloma. The nurse includes which priority intervention in the plan of care?
- A. Encourage fluid
- B. Coughing and deep breathing
- C. Providing frequent oral care
- D. Monitoring red blood cell coun
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A priority intervention for a client with multiple myeloma is to include coughing and deep breathing exercises in the plan of care. Multiple myeloma can affect the bone marrow's ability to produce healthy blood cells, including red blood cells, which can lead to anemia. Anemia can cause fatigue and shortness of breath. By encouraging coughing and deep breathing exercises, the nurse can help improve lung function, enhance oxygenation, and prevent potential respiratory complications in the client with multiple myeloma. This intervention is crucial in promoting respiratory health and overall well-being for the client.
The nurse obtains a sample of a client's arterial blood gas (ABGs). Which of the following statements is NOT true about ABGs?
- A. Interpretation of the clients ABGs involves evaluation of pH, PCO2 and HCO3; components of the ABGs.
- B. ABGs assess the client oxygenation status and acid base status.
- C. ABGs provide information on blood parameters.
- D. ABGs asses the client electrolyte and fluid balance.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Arterial blood gases (ABGs) do not directly assess the client's electrolyte and fluid balance. ABGs primarily evaluate the client's acid-base balance and oxygenation status by measuring levels of pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), and bicarbonate (HCO3) in the arterial blood. While ABGs can provide some information about blood parameters, such as oxygen saturation, they do not comprehensively assess electrolyte levels or fluid balance. To specifically assess electrolytes and fluid balance, additional tests like basic metabolic panels or comprehensive metabolic panels would be required.
A patient with a history of multiple myeloma presents with weakness, bone pain, and recurrent infections. Laboratory tests reveal anemia, hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency, and monoclonal spike on serum protein electrophoresis. Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause these findings?
- A. Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
- B. Hodgkin lymphoma
- C. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
- D. Multiple myeloma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell neoplasm characterized by the presence of abnormal monoclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow, which produce a monoclonal spike on serum protein electrophoresis. The clinical presentation of weakness, bone pain, and recurrent infections is typical of multiple myeloma. Anemia can result from bone marrow infiltration by the abnormal plasma cells, hypercalcemia is due to bone destruction and release of calcium, renal insufficiency can result from hypercalcemia and protein deposition in the kidneys, and the monoclonal spike in serum protein electrophoresis indicates the presence of a monoclonal protein. Waldenström macroglobulinemia, Hodgkin lymphoma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia do not typically present with the classic tetrad of findings seen in multiple myeloma.
Patient's health teaching for Lamotrigine (Lamictal} should include which of the following?
- A. Take each dose with food to avoid nausea.
- B. Eat a balanced diet to avoid weight gain.
- C. Report any rashes to your doctor immediately.
- D. This drug may cause psychological dependence.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lamotrigine (Lamictal) is known to cause a serious rash, such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis, which can be life-threatening. Therefore, it is crucial for patients taking Lamotrigine to be aware of this potential side effect and report any skin rashes to their healthcare provider promptly. Early detection and appropriate management are essential in preventing serious complications related to these rashes.