Nokea
A preschooler has successfully completed the test item 'counts 5 blocks' on the Denver II test. This pass is evidence of which of the following developmental concepts?
- A. centration
- B. causality
- C. nonreversibility
- D. conservation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Counting five blocks demonstrates conservation, the understanding that quantity remains constant despite changes in arrangement or appearance.
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Carrying a donor card for organ donation means that:
- A. medical care is altered in the event of serious injuries to get organs for donation.
- B. the family or legally responsible party of a client has no decision-making authority in the event that the client is considered for organ donation.
- C. a client is allowed to revoke his decision for organ donation at any time.
- D. a client is considered an organ donor for only one organ or tissue.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Revocation of the decision for organ donation may occur at any time, by either the client or his responsible party. When organ donation is considered, as many organs as the donor wished to donate are considered and accepted for donation if found appropriate. Medical care for an individual during immediate care and/or resuscitation is not altered to declare a client dead and ready for organ donation.
Which of the following physical findings indicates that an 11-12-month-old child is at risk for developmental dysplasia of the hip?
- A. refusal to walk
- B. not pulling to a standing position
- C. negative Trendelenburg sign
- D. negative Ortolani sign
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse might be concerned about developmental dysplasia of the hip if an 11-12-month-old child doesn't pull to a standing position. An infant who does not walk by 15 months of age should be evaluated. Children should start walking between 11-15 months of age. Trendelenberg sign is related to weakness of the gluteus medius muscle, not hip dysplasia. Ortolani sign is used to identify congenital subluxation or dislocation of the hip in infants.
An LPN works on an adult medical/surgical unit and has been pulled to work on the burn unit, which cares for clients of all ages. What should he do?
- A. He should take the assignment, but make it clear he will only care for adult clients.
- B. He should take the assignment, but explain the situation to the charge nurse and ask for a quick orientation before starting.
- C. He should refuse to take the assignment, as caring for infant and child population is not within his scope of practice.
- D. He should take the assignment, but ask to be paired with a more experienced LPN.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: While the LPN may specialize in a certain type of nursing or feel more comfortable caring for a specific client population, he should be able to use his skill set to safely and independently care for other populations as well. However, the LPN should let the charge nurse know his background before beginning his shift so he can familiarize himself with new equipment, ask questions, and identify resources.
An example of a process standard on a med-surg unit is:
- A. a procedure for changing IV tubing.
- B. a policy for staffing.
- C. the job description of the CEO (chief executive officer).
- D. a procedure for checking waveforms on a client being treated on an intra-aortic balloon pump.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Process standards define the actions and behaviors required by staff to provide care.
An LPN on a Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) team is tasked with implementing strategies to reduce medication errors. Which of the following strategies would be most beneficial for the LPN to implement?
- A. Track individuals with medication errors and report them to administration.
- B. Remind staff of the five rights of medication administration.
- C. Ensure that all staff members are proficient in completing incident reports if a medication error occurs.
- D. Double check that staff document medication administration in the electronic medical record.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Organized, accurate incident reports are important in tracking and understanding why errors occurred. CQI teams use incident reports to create new or build upon existing policies to help standardize medical processes to help reduce errors.