NCLEX RN Pediatric Questions

NCLEX RN Pediatric Questions Related

Review NCLEX RN Pediatric Questions related questions and content

A preterm newborn of 36 weeks of gestation is admitted to the NICU. Approximately 2 hours after birth, the newborn begins having difficulty breathing, with grunting, tachypnea, and nasal flaring. Which is important for the nurse to recognize?

  • A. This is a normal finding.
  • B. This is not significant unless cyanosis is present.
  • C. Improvement should occur within 24 hours.
  • D. Further evaluation is needed.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The presentation of a preterm newborn with difficulty breathing, grunting, tachypnea, and nasal flaring is concerning and should not be considered a normal finding. This could indicate respiratory distress, which is common in preterm infants due to immature lung development. It is important for the nurse to recognize these symptoms as they may signify a potential underlying respiratory issue that requires further evaluation and intervention. Prompt assessment and management are crucial in ensuring the best outcomes for the newborn. Therefore, further evaluation by the healthcare team is warranted in this situation to determine the cause of the respiratory distress and provide appropriate treatment.

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Which is an accurate description of a Kasai procedure?

  • A. A palliative procedure in which the bile duct is attached to a loop of bowel to assist with bile drainage.
  • B. A curative procedure that connects the bile duct to the bowel.
  • C. A curative procedure where the bile duct is banded.
  • D. A palliative procedure where the bile duct is banded.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The Kasai procedure is a palliative surgery for biliary atresia that helps restore bile flow and delays the need for liver transplantation.

Although children with Wilms tumor have a favorable prognosis, there are some adverse prognostic factors in children with Wilms tumor EXCEPT

  • A. large tumors
  • B. anaplastic histology
  • C. loss of heterozygosity at chromosome 1p and 16q
  • D. young age at diagnosis
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Young age at diagnosis is generally associated with a favorable prognosis.

The nurse is caring for a client who's hypoglycemic. This client will have a blood glucose level:

  • A. Below 70mg/dl
  • B. Between 70 and 120mg/dl
  • C. Between 120 and 180mg/dl
  • D. Over 180mg/dl A1 PASSERS TRAINING, RESEARCH, REVIEW & DEVELOPMENT COMPANY MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING SET P
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Hypoglycemia is defined as a blood glucose level below 70mg/dl. When a client is experiencing hypoglycemia, it means their blood sugar is lower than the normal range and can lead to symptoms such as sweating, tremors, confusion, and even loss of consciousness. It is important for nurses to recognize and treat hypoglycemia promptly to prevent serious complications.

Why does the nurse instruct the client to avoid Valsalva maneuvers?

  • A. Clients BP will decrease momentarily
  • B. Client may lose consciousness
  • C. Client may suffer from a myocardial
  • D. Clients BP will increase momentarily infarction
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The nurse instructs the client to avoid Valsalva maneuvers because the client may suffer from a myocardial infarction. The Valsalva maneuver involves forcefully trying to exhale against a closed airway, which can increase intra-thoracic pressure and subsequently increase blood pressure. This can lead to an increased workload on the heart, potentially causing myocardial ischemia or infarction in individuals with underlying heart conditions. Therefore, it is important to avoid Valsalva maneuvers, especially in clients at risk for cardiovascular issues.

A patient has chronic respiratory acidosis related to long-standing lung disease. Which of the following problems is the cause?

  • A. Hyperventilation
  • B. Loss of acid by kidneys
  • C. Hypoventilation
  • D. Loss of base by kidneys CARING FOR CLIENTS REQUIRING INTRAVENOUS THERAPY
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Chronic respiratory acidosis is a condition where there is an excess of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood due to inadequate exhalation of CO2. This typically occurs as a result of hypoventilation, which is characterized by breathing at an abnormally slow rate or shallow depth. In patients with long-standing lung disease, the ability to effectively exchange gases in the lungs is compromised, leading to a buildup of CO2 in the bloodstream and subsequent respiratory acidosis. Hyperventilation, on the other hand, would result in a decrease in CO2 levels in the blood, while the loss of acid or base by the kidneys is related to metabolic acidosis or alkalosis, not respiratory acidosis. Therefore, in this case, the primary problem causing chronic respiratory acidosis is hypoventilation.

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