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A psychiatric-mental health nurse is working on an inpatient unit that uses a privilege system. The nurse understands that this intervention integrates which group of theories?
- A. Behavioral
- B. Developmental
- C. Humanistic
- D. Cognitive
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Behavioral. Privilege systems involve using reinforcement and consequences to modify behavior, which aligns with behavioral theories. Behavioral theories focus on observable behaviors and how they are influenced by the environment. Developmental theories focus on growth and maturation over time, humanistic theories emphasize self-actualization and personal growth, while cognitive theories focus on mental processes like perception and problem-solving. Therefore, the other choices are incorrect as they do not directly relate to the use of reinforcement and consequences in modifying behavior as seen in privilege systems.
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A group of students are reviewing the multiaxial diagnostic system of the DSM-IV- TR. The students demonstrate understanding of the axes when they identify that each axis represents which of the following?
- A. An evidence-based research finding
- B. An experimental design to guide care
- C. A domain of information
- D. A laboratory test finding
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: A domain of information. The multiaxial diagnostic system of the DSM-IV-TR includes five axes, each representing a different domain of information about an individual's mental health. Axis I is for clinical disorders, Axis II is for personality disorders and intellectual disabilities, Axis III is for general medical conditions, Axis IV is for psychosocial and environmental stressors, and Axis V is for global assessment of functioning. Therefore, each axis represents a distinct category or domain of information rather than an evidence-based research finding (A), an experimental design (B), or a laboratory test finding (D). The axes serve to provide a comprehensive and holistic assessment of an individual's mental health status.
A psychiatric-mental health nurse determines that a patient is competent when he is able to do which of the following?
- A. Speak coherent English.
- B. Communicate his or her choices.
- C. Write a `living will.
- D. Comply with the medical regimen.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because competency involves the ability to communicate one's choices. Competency is determined by the patient's capacity to understand information, make reasoned decisions, and communicate preferences. This enables the patient to actively participate in their healthcare decisions. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because speaking coherent English, writing a living will, and complying with a medical regimen do not solely demonstrate competency in decision-making and communication of choices. These actions may be important but do not encompass the full scope of competency in the context of psychiatric-mental health nursing.
When applying the biopsychosocial model for a patient with a mental health problem, the nurse addresses the psychological domain when assessing which of the following?
- A. Sleep patterns
- B. Feelings
- C. Family functioning
- D. Cultural groups
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Feelings. In the biopsychosocial model, the psychological domain focuses on the individual's emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. Assessing feelings allows the nurse to understand the patient's mental and emotional state, which is crucial in mental health care. Sleep patterns (A) fall under the biological domain, family functioning (C) falls under the social domain, and cultural groups (D) relate to the social and cultural aspects, not specifically the psychological domain. By assessing feelings, the nurse can gain insight into the patient's mental health and tailor interventions accordingly.
A nurse is preparing to administer an as-needed (PRN) medication. Which of the following would the nurse need to keep in mind when documenting administration?
- A. It requires a separate entry that includes reason for administration, dosage, route, and response to the medication the first time it is administered to a patient.
- B. It requires a separate entry that includes reason for administration, dosage, route, and response to the medication every time it is administered to a patient.
- C. It requires a separate entry that includes reason for administration, dosage, and route the first time it is administered to a patient.
- D. It requires a separate entry that includes reason for administration, dosage, and route every time it is administered to a patient.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because when documenting administration of PRN medication, the nurse must include the reason for administration, dosage, route, and response every time it is given. This ensures comprehensive documentation for monitoring the patient's response to the medication and helps in evaluating the effectiveness of the treatment. Option A is incorrect because documenting the response is necessary each time, not just the first time. Option C is incorrect as it does not include documenting the response, which is crucial for assessing the medication's effectiveness. Option D is also incorrect as it excludes documenting the response, which is essential for evaluating the patient's progress.
A psychiatric-mental health nurse is providing care to a patient who has recently emigrated to the United States from Eastern Europe. Which of the following would be least effective in providing culturally competent care?
- A. Demonstrating a genuine interest in the patient
- B. Avoiding assumptions about the patient’s culture
- C. Speaking to the patient in his native language.
- D. Acquiring information about the patient’s country
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because speaking to the patient in his native language may not always guarantee effective communication. The patient may have acculturated to English and prefer to communicate in English. It is important to assess the patient's language preference first. Demonstrating genuine interest (A) is important for building trust. Avoiding assumptions (B) helps prevent stereotyping. Acquiring information about the patient's country (D) can enhance understanding of the patient's background.