Nokea
A public health nurse has been commissioned to draft a health promotion program that meets the health care needs and expectations of the community. Which of the following focuses is most likely to influence the nurses choice of interventions?
- A. Management of chronic conditions and disability
- B. Increasing need for self-care among a younger population
- C. A shifting focus to disease management
- D. An increasing focus on acute conditions and rehabilitation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In response to current priorities, health care must focus more on management of chronic conditions and disability than in previous times. The other answers are incorrect because the change in focus of health care is not an increasing need for self-care among our aging population; our focus is shifting away from disease management, not toward it; and we are moving away from the management of acute conditions to managing chronic conditions.
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Nurses have different educational backgrounds and function under many titles in their practice setting. If a nurse practicing in an oncology clinic had the goal of improving patient outcomes and nursing care by influencing the patient, the nurse, and the health care system, what would most accurately describe this nurses title?
- A. Nursing care expert
- B. Clinical nurse specialist
- C. Nurse manager
- D. Staff nurse
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Clinical nurse specialists are prepared as specialists who practice within a circumscribed area of care (e.g., cardiovascular, oncology). They define their roles as having five major components: clinical practice, education, management, consultation, and research. The other answers are incorrect because they are not the most accurate titles for this nurse.
The ANA has identified several phenomena toward which the focus of nursing care should be directed, and a nurse is planning care that reflects these priorities. Which of the nurses actions best demonstrates these priorities?
- A. Encouraging the patients dependence on caregivers
- B. Fostering the patients ability to make choices
- C. Teaching the patient about nurses roles in the health care system
- D. Assessing the patients adherence to treatment
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The ANA identifies several focuses for nursing care and research, including the ability to make choices. The other answers are incorrect because they are not phenomena identified by the ANA.
A group of nursing students are participating in a community health clinic. When providing care in this context, what should the students teach participants about disease prevention?
- A. It is best achieved through attending self-help groups.
- B. It is best achieved by reducing psychological stress.
- C. It is best achieved by being an active participant in the community.
- D. It is best achieved by exhibiting behaviors that promote health.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Today, increasing emphasis is placed on health, health promotion, wellness, and self-care. Health is seen as resulting from a lifestyle oriented toward wellness. Nurses in community health clinics do not teach that disease prevention is best achieved through attending self-help groups, by reducing stress, or by being an active participant in the community, though each of these activities is consistent with a healthy lifestyle.
A nurse is speaking to a group of prospective nursing students about what it is like to be a nurse. What is one characteristic the nurse would cite as necessary to possess to be an effective nurse?
- A. Sensitivity to cultural differences
- B. Team-focused approach to problem-solving
- C. Strict adherence to routine
- D. Ability to face criticism
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: To promote an effective nurse-patient relationship and positive outcomes of care, nursing care must be culturally competent, appropriate, and sensitive to cultural differences. Team-focused nursing and strict adherence to routine are not characteristics needed to be an effective nurse. The ability to handle criticism is important, but to a lesser degree than cultural competence.
Nurses in acute care settings must work with other health care team members to maintain quality care while facing pressures to care for patients who are hospitalized for shorter periods of time than in the past. To ensure positive health outcomes when patients return to their homes, what action should the nurse prioritize?
- A. Promotion of health literacy during hospitalization
- B. Close communication with insurers
- C. Thorough and evidence-based discharge planning
- D. Participation in continuing education initiatives
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Following discharges that occur after increasingly short hospital stays, nurses in the community care for patients who need high-technology acute care services as well as long-term care in the home. This is dependent on effective discharge planning to a greater degree than continuing education, communication with insurers, or promotion of health literacy.