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A public health nurse has reviewed local data about the incidence and prevalence of burn injuries in the community. These data are likely to support what health promotion effort?
- A. Education about home safety
- B. Education about safe storage of chemicals
- C. Education about workplace health threats
- D. Education about safe driving
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Most burns occur at home, making home safety education (e.g., scald prevention, fire safety) the most relevant health promotion effort based on epidemiological data.
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The current phase of a patients treatment for a burn injury prioritizes wound care, nutritional support, and prevention of complications such as infection. Based on these care priorities, the patient is in what phase of burn care?
- A. Emergent
- B. Immediate resuscitative
- C. Acute
- D. Rehabilitation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The acute phase, starting 48-72 hours post-burn, focuses on wound care, infection prevention, and nutritional support. The emergent phase prioritizes fluid resuscitation and airway management, immediate resuscitative is not a distinct phase, and rehabilitation focuses on scar prevention and psychosocial support.
A patient is brought to the ED by paramedics, who report that the patient has partial-thickness burns on the chest and legs. The patient has also suffered smoke inhalation. What is the priority in the care of a patient who has been burned and suffered smoke inhalation?
- A. Pain
- B. Fluid balance
- C. Anxiety and fear
- D. Airway management
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Airway management is the priority due to the risk of obstruction from smoke inhalation-induced edema, following the ABCs of trauma care. Pain, fluid balance, and anxiety are secondary.
A triage nurse in the emergency department (ED) receives a phone call from a frantic father who saw his 4-year-old child tip a pot of boiling water onto her chest. The father has called an ambulance. What would the nurse in the ED receiving the call instruct the father to do?
- A. Cover the burn with ice and secure with a towel.
- B. Apply butter to the area that is burned.
- C. Immerse the child in a cool bath.
- D. Avoid touching the burned area under any circumstances.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Immersing the burn in cool water halts the burning process and relieves pain. Ice can cause hypothermia, butter traps heat, and avoiding all contact prevents necessary first aid.
A patient in the emergent/resuscitative phase of a burn injury has had blood work and arterial blood gases drawn. Upon analysis of the patients laboratory studies, the nurse will expect the results to indicate what?
- A. Hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, elevated hematocrit, and metabolic acidosis
- B. Hypokalemia, hypernatremia, decreased hematocrit, and metabolic acidosis
- C. Hyperkalemia, hypernatremia, decreased hematocrit, and metabolic alkalosis
- D. Hypokalemia, hyponatremia, elevated hematocrit, and metabolic alkalosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the emergent phase, cell damage releases potassium (hyperkalemia), sodium is lost to edema (hyponatremia), hemoconcentration increases hematocrit, and tissue hypoxia causes metabolic acidosis. Other combinations do not align with burn pathophysiology.
While performing a patients ordered wound care for the treatment of a burn, the patient has made a series of sarcastic remarks to the nurse and criticized her technique. How should the nurse best interpret this patients behavior?
- A. The patient may be experiencing an adverse drug reaction that is affecting his cognition and behavior.
- B. The patient may be experiencing neurologic or psychiatric complications of his injuries.
- C. The patient may be experiencing inconsistencies in the care that he is being provided.
- D. The patient may be experiencing anger about his circumstances that he is deflecting toward the nurse.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Anger is common in burn patients and may be deflected toward caregivers. Drug reactions, complications, or care inconsistencies are less likely without specific evidence.