Nokea
A public health nurse is addressing community leaders at a forum about community improvement. The nurse should identify which of the following groups as being the fastest growing segment of the homeless population?
- A. People who have substance use disorders
- B. Families who have children
- C. Adolescent runaways
- D. Men who are unemployed
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Families who have children. This group is the fastest growing segment of the homeless population due to various factors such as lack of affordable housing, economic instability, and family breakdown. Families with children are particularly vulnerable to homelessness as they face challenges in accessing stable housing. In contrast, choices A, C, and D represent specific subgroups within the homeless population, but they are not identified as the fastest growing segment. People with substance use disorders, adolescent runaways, and unemployed men may indeed be at risk of homelessness, but they do not currently constitute the fastest growing segment.
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A nurse working in an infectious disease clinic is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of Lyme disease. Which of the following agencies is responsible for voluntarily reporting cases of this disease to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention?
- A. Office of the Surgeon General
- B. State Department of Health
- C. Hospital infection control department
- D. Local Red Cross chapter
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: State Department of Health. The State Department of Health is responsible for voluntarily reporting cases of Lyme disease to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) because they are tasked with monitoring and controlling the spread of infectious diseases within their jurisdiction. They have the mandate to collect and report data on disease outbreaks to the CDC, enabling national surveillance and response efforts. The other choices are incorrect because the Office of the Surgeon General does not have direct jurisdiction over disease reporting, the hospital infection control department focuses on internal infection control measures, and the Local Red Cross chapter is primarily involved in disaster relief and blood services, not disease surveillance.
A nurse is working with a care manager for a client who participates in a health maintenance organization. The nurse should identify that a health maintenance organization provides which of the following payment structures?
- A. The client is participating in a fee-for-service health care insurance program
- B. The provider is paid a fixed sum for the client on a monthly or yearly basis
- C. The client pays the insurer a percentage of the total costs for each service rendered by the provider
- D. The provider bills the client directly for a predetermined percentage of the cost of services
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. In a health maintenance organization (HMO), the provider is paid a fixed sum for the client on a monthly or yearly basis. This payment structure incentivizes providers to focus on preventive care and cost-effective treatments. This model aims to keep clients healthy and reduce unnecessary services.
A: Fee-for-service is not characteristic of an HMO.
C: This describes a cost-sharing model, not typical of an HMO.
D: Providers do not bill clients directly in an HMO.
A home health nurse is caring for a client who has chemotherapy-induced nausea that has been resistant to relief from pharmacological measures. Which of the following interventions should the nurse initiate? (Select all that apply)
- A. Use seasonings to enhance the flavor of foods
- B. Provide sips of room temperature ginger ale between meals
- C. Maintain the head of the client's bed in an elevated position after eating
- D. Offer 120 ml (4 oz.) of cold 2% milk as a meal replacement
- E. Assist the client in using guided imagery
Correct Answer: B, C, E
Rationale: The correct interventions for the client with chemotherapy-induced nausea are B, C, and E.
B: Providing sips of room temperature ginger ale can help alleviate nausea due to its antiemetic properties.
C: Maintaining the head of the client's bed in an elevated position after eating can prevent acid reflux and reduce nausea.
E: Assisting the client in using guided imagery can help distract from nausea and promote relaxation.
Incorrect choices:
A: Using seasonings may exacerbate nausea in some clients.
D: Offering cold milk as a meal replacement may not be well-tolerated by a nauseated client and could worsen symptoms.
In summary, the correct interventions focus on soothing the stomach, promoting relaxation, and preventing exacerbation of nausea, while the incorrect choices may not directly address the client's symptoms or could potentially worsen them.
A nurse in a mobile health clinic is caring for a client who requires a tetanus immunization and is accompanied by his daughter. The client does not speak the same language as the nurse. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Have the client's daughter communicate information about the procedure
- B. Arrange for a member of the client's community to interpret the teaching
- C. Identify the client's spoken dialect prior to contacting an interpreter
- D. Use professional terminology when providing education prior to the procedure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Identify the client's spoken dialect prior to contacting an interpreter. This is the most appropriate action because it ensures effective communication by matching the client with an interpreter who speaks the same dialect. This step shows cultural sensitivity and respects the client's language preference, promoting trust and understanding.
Other choices are incorrect:
A: Having the client's daughter communicate may not guarantee accurate information exchange due to potential language barriers.
B: Arranging for a community member to interpret may not ensure confidentiality or accuracy in communication.
D: Using professional terminology without ensuring understanding may lead to confusion and hinder effective communication.
In the last month, three cases of tuberculosis have been referred to the health department. Which of the following is the priority information for the community health nurse to obtain from each client?
- A. Demographics
- B. Household members
- C. Occupation
- D. Health history
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Household members. This is the priority information for the nurse to obtain as tuberculosis is highly contagious and can spread within households. By knowing the household members, the nurse can assess the risk of transmission and provide appropriate guidance for testing and treatment. Demographics (A) may provide background information but are not as crucial as identifying close contacts. Occupation (C) and health history (D) are important but do not directly address the immediate risk of transmission within the household.