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A public health nurse is discussing the principle of utilitarianism when responding to a disaster with a group of nurses. Which of the following actions is an example of utilitarianism?
- A. Reusing personal protective equipment (PPE) to increase its availability
- B. Providing care to the youngest victims first
- C. Providing treatment to victims in the order of their arrival to the emergency department (ED)
- D. Using resources on victims who are more likely to survive
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Utilitarianism prioritizes the greatest good for the most people. Using resources on victims more likely to survive (D) maximizes overall outcomes. Reusing PPE (A) is practical but not inherently utilitarian, while age-based (B) or arrival-based (C) care doesn't optimize survival.
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Which of the following is the primary explanation for life expectancy increasing so notably during the twentieth century?
- A. An increase in findings from medical laboratory research
- B. Incredible advances in surgical techniques and procedures
- C. Improved sanitation and other public health activities
- D. Increased use of antibiotics to fight infections
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Improved sanitation and public health (C) drove life expectancy gains through disease prevention, per historical data. Research (A), surgery (B), and antibiotics (D) contributed later.
Which of the following presents a challenge with human papillomavirus (HPV) prevention?
- A. HPV can be transmitted through all body fluids.
- B. HPV warts may grow in areas that a barrier (e.g., a condom) does not cover.
- C. With HPV, thin-walled pustules may rupture to form honey-coloured crusts.
- D. With HPV, vesicles are hidden and ulcerate within 1 day.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: HPV warts in uncovered areas (B) challenge prevention, as condoms don't fully protect, per CDC. Body fluids (A), pustules (C), and vesicles (D) mischaracterize HPV.
Which section of the Incident Command System (ICS) is responsible for the appropriate documentation of time, expenses, and claims?
- A. Finance/Administration.
- B. Logistics.
- C. Operations.
- D. Planning.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Finance/Administration section (A) handles documentation of time, expenses, and claims in ICS, per FEMA structure. Logistics (B) manages resources, Operations (C) executes, and Planning (D) strategizes.
A mother confides to the CHN that her live-in boyfriend pushed her 2-year-old child because he was crying too much. She begs the CHN not to tell anyone because her boyfriend has agreed to take anger management classes. What should the CHN do?
- A. Abide by the mother's wishes because this information was provided in confidence.
- B. Arrange for the earliest available counselling for the boyfriend.
- C. Advise the mother to take the child away from the boyfriend and find alternate housing right away.
- D. Report the incident to the child protection agency.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale A: Incorrect, confidentiality doesn't override child safety. Rationale B: Incorrect, counseling doesn't ensure immediate safety. Rationale C: Incorrect, advising relocation isn't the CHN's legal role. Rationale D: Correct, CHNs must report suspected abuse to protect the child.
What is the ultimate contribution of the disaster preparedness plan?
- A. It reduces injuries.
- B. It enhances collaboration among the community partners.
- C. It reduces stress and panic behaviours.
- D. It reduces involvement.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Enhancing collaboration (B) is the ultimate contribution, fostering coordinated responses, per emergency management principles. Injuries (A) and stress (C) may decrease indirectly, and involvement (D) increases, not reduces.