Nokea
A public health nurse is organizing a campaign that will address the leading cause of musculoskeletal-related disability in the United States. The nurse should focus on what health problem?
- A. Osteoporosis
- B. Arthritis
- C. Hip fractures
- D. Lower back pain
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The leading cause of musculoskeletal-related disability in the United States is arthritis.
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A nurse is taking a health history on a new patient who has been experiencing unexplained paresthesia. What question should guide the nurse's assessment of the patient's altered sensations?
- A. How does the strength in the affected extremity compare to the strength in the unaffected extremity?
- B. Does the color in the affected extremity match the color in the unaffected extremity?
- C. How does the feeling in the affected extremity compare with the feeling in the unaffected extremity?
- D. Does the patient have a family history of paresthesia or other forms of altered sensation?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Questions that the nurse should ask regarding altered sensations include How does this feeling compare to sensation in the unaffected extremity? Asking questions about strength and color are not relevant and a family history is unlikely.
The human body is designed to protect its vital parts. A fracture of what type of bone may interfere with the protection of vital organs?
- A. Long bones
- B. Short bones
- C. Flat bones
- D. Irregular bones
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Flat bones, such as the sternum, provide vital organ protection. Fractures of the flat bones may lead to puncturing of the vital organs or may interfere with the protection of the vital organs. Long, short, and irregular bones do not usually have this physiologic function.
A child is growing at a rate appropriate for his age. What cells are responsible for the secretion of bone matrix that eventually results in bone growth?
- A. Osteoblasts
- B. Osteocytes
- C. Osteoclasts
- D. Lamellae
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Osteoblasts function in bone formation by secreting bone matrix. Osteocytes are mature bone cells and osteoclasts are multinuclear cells involved in dissolving and resorbing bone. Lamellae are circles of mineralized bone matrix.
Diagnostic tests show that a patient's bone density has decreased over the past several years. The patient asks the nurse what factors contribute to bone density decreasing. What would be the nurse's best response?
- A. For many people, lack of nutrition can cause a loss of bone density.
- B. Progressive loss of bone density is mostly related to your genes.
- C. Stress is known to have many unhealthy effects, including reduced bone density.
- D. Bone density decreases with age, but scientists are not exactly sure why this is the case.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nutrition has a profound effect on bone density, especially later life. Genetics are also an important factor, but nutrition has a more pronounced effect. The pathophysiology of bone density is well understood and psychosocial stress has a minimal effect.
A nurse on a patient has been experiencing significant pain in her knee and diagnostic imaging reveals an effusion in the synovial capsule. What intervention should the nurse anticipate?
- A. Arthrography
- B. Knee replacement
- C. Arthrocentesis
- D. Arthroscopy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Arthrocentesis (joint aspiration) is carried out to obtain synovial fluid for examination or to relieve pain due to effusion. Arthrography is used to visualize joint structures, not to remove fluid. Arthroscopy is a diagnostic visualization, and knee replacement is not indicated for effusion.