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A public health nurse is responding to a suspected anthrax exposure at a workplace. Which action should the nurse take?
- A. Alert the family members of coworkers about possible exposure to anthrax
- B. Place the employee under quarantine for 14 days
- C. Refer coworkers who might have been exposed to a provider for prophylactic antibiotics
- D. Instruct the client to wear a mask at work
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct action for the public health nurse is to refer coworkers who might have been exposed to a provider for prophylactic antibiotics (Choice C). This is because prophylactic antibiotics can help prevent the development of anthrax infection after exposure. Alerting family members (Choice A) is unnecessary as the focus should be on the exposed individuals. Quarantine (Choice B) may not be necessary if the individuals receive prophylactic treatment. Instructing the client to wear a mask (Choice D) is not effective in preventing anthrax transmission.
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The partner of an older adult client who has Alzheimer's disease reports that he is not eating. The client's partner refuses to assist the client with feeding and insists the client feed himself without help. What is the priority action the nurse should take?
- A. Arrange for Meals on Wheels assistance
- B. Determine the client's ability to self-feed
- C. Direct the home health aide to assist with meals
- D. Refer the client's partner to an Alzheimer's support group
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Determine the client's ability to self-feed. This is the priority action because it addresses the immediate concern of the client not eating due to the partner's refusal to assist. By assessing the client's ability to self-feed, the nurse can identify any barriers or challenges the client may be facing, such as physical limitations or cognitive impairments. This assessment will guide the nurse in developing an appropriate plan of care to ensure the client's nutritional needs are met.
The other choices are incorrect because they do not directly address the client's current situation.
A: Meals on Wheels assistance may be helpful but does not address the immediate need for the client to eat.
C: Directing the home health aide to assist assumes the client is willing to accept help, which may not be the case.
D: Referring the client's partner to an Alzheimer's support group is important for long-term support but does not address the immediate issue of the client not eating.
A public health nurse is addressing community leaders at a forum about community improvement. The nurse should identify which of the following groups as being the fastest growing segment of the homeless population?
- A. People who have substance use disorders
- B. Families who have children
- C. Adolescent runaways
- D. Men who are unemployed
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Families who have children. This group is the fastest growing segment of the homeless population due to various factors such as lack of affordable housing, economic instability, and family breakdown. Families with children are particularly vulnerable to homelessness as they face challenges in accessing stable housing. In contrast, choices A, C, and D represent specific subgroups within the homeless population, but they are not identified as the fastest growing segment. People with substance use disorders, adolescent runaways, and unemployed men may indeed be at risk of homelessness, but they do not currently constitute the fastest growing segment.
A clinic nurse is assessing a client who has measles. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Koplik spots inside the mouth
- B. Persistent low-grade temperature
- C. Muscle aches and tenderness
- D. Rash confined to the trunk of the body
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Koplik spots inside the mouth. These are small, white spots surrounded by a red ring that appear on the buccal mucosa. This finding is characteristic of measles and typically precedes the onset of the rash. Koplik spots are highly specific to measles and can aid in early diagnosis. Persistent low-grade temperature (B) and muscle aches and tenderness (C) are common symptoms of many viral illnesses, including measles, but they are not specific to measles. The rash associated with measles typically starts on the face and head before spreading to the trunk and extremities, so a rash confined to the trunk (D) would not be expected in measles.
A nurse is caring for a client who is homeless. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
- A. Determine the client's understanding of her living situation
- B. Assist the client to develop goals for obtaining shelter
- C. Discuss the risks of being homeless with the client
- D. Develop client teaching using a variety of strategies
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Determine the client's understanding of her living situation. This is the first step because it allows the nurse to assess the client's current situation and needs. Understanding the client's perspective is crucial for providing effective care and support. Assisting the client in developing goals (B) or discussing risks (C) should come after understanding the client's current situation. Developing client teaching (D) is important but should be based on the client's understanding and needs, which is why it comes after assessing their understanding.
A home health nurse manager is caring for a client who has methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Remove fresh flowers from the client's home
- B. Wear a mask when within 3 feet of the client
- C. Encourage the client to use a HEPA filter in the house
- D. Double bag soiled dressing in polyethylene bags
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Double bag soiled dressing in polyethylene bags. This is important to prevent the spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) to others. Double bagging the soiled dressing in polyethylene bags helps contain the bacteria and reduces the risk of transmission.
Choice A: Removing fresh flowers is not directly related to preventing the spread of MRSA.
Choice B: Wearing a mask within 3 feet of the client may not be effective in preventing MRSA transmission.
Choice C: Using a HEPA filter is not specifically targeted at preventing MRSA transmission.
In summary, choice D is correct because it directly addresses the prevention of MRSA transmission, while the other choices are not as directly related to this specific concern.