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A public health nurse is working with a community to improve vaccination rates. Which intervention is most likely to be effective?
- A. Setting up vaccination clinics in accessible locations
- B. Distributing flyers with information about vaccines
- C. Offering incentives for getting vaccinated
- D. Partnering with local businesses to promote vaccination
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Setting up vaccination clinics in accessible locations is the most effective intervention to improve vaccination rates. This intervention ensures easy access to vaccination services for community members, removing barriers such as transportation or time constraints. Distributing flyers (Choice B) may increase awareness but may not directly address access issues. Offering incentives (Choice C) might temporarily boost vaccination rates but may not lead to sustained behavior change. Partnering with local businesses (Choice D) could be beneficial for promotion but may not directly impact vaccination accessibility.
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The healthcare professional is planning a health education workshop for a group of adolescents on the dangers of substance abuse. Which strategy is most likely to be effective?
- A. showing videos of the effects of substance abuse
- B. inviting individuals in recovery to share their stories
- C. providing statistical data on substance abuse
- D. distributing brochures on substance abuse prevention
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Inviting individuals in recovery to share their stories is the most effective strategy for educating adolescents about the dangers of substance abuse. Personal stories have a significant impact as they provide real-life examples of the consequences of substance abuse, making the information more relatable and emotionally engaging. This approach can evoke empathy, create a deeper understanding of the risks involved, and potentially deter adolescents from experimenting with substances. Showing videos of the effects of substance abuse (choice A) may be impactful, but personal narratives often have a stronger emotional connection. Providing statistical data (choice C) may not resonate as strongly with adolescents as personal stories. Distributing brochures (choice D) is informative but may not have the same emotional impact and engagement as hearing firsthand experiences.
The healthcare professional is developing a health education program for adolescents on the dangers of smoking. Which strategy is most likely to be effective?
- A. showing graphic images of the effects of smoking
- B. inviting former smokers to share their experiences
- C. providing statistical data on smoking-related illnesses
- D. distributing pamphlets on smoking cessation resources
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Inviting former smokers to share their experiences is the most effective strategy because personal stories can have a powerful impact on adolescents and motivate them to avoid smoking. This approach makes the consequences of smoking more relatable and real, potentially influencing behavior change. Showing graphic images may be too harsh and could lead to desensitization or avoidance of the issue. Providing statistical data may not resonate as strongly with adolescents as personal stories. Distributing pamphlets, while informative, may not have the same emotional impact as hearing real-life experiences.
The nurse is caring for a client with hyperthyroidism. Which assessment finding requires immediate intervention?
- A. Heart rate of 100 beats per minute.
- B. Blood pressure of 150/90 mm Hg.
- C. Respiratory rate of 24 breaths per minute.
- D. Weight loss of 5 pounds in one week.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Weight loss of 5 pounds in one week in a client with hyperthyroidism is concerning as it may indicate severe hypermetabolism, leading to potential complications such as cardiac arrhythmias, muscle weakness, and other metabolic disturbances. Rapid weight loss in hyperthyroidism indicates an accelerated metabolic rate and increased energy expenditure, which can be detrimental to the client's health. The other assessment findings (heart rate of 100 beats per minute, blood pressure of 150/90 mm Hg, respiratory rate of 24 breaths per minute) are commonly seen in clients with hyperthyroidism and may not necessarily require immediate intervention unless they are significantly outside the normal range or causing distress to the client.
The healthcare provider is assessing a client who has a new arteriovenous fistula in the left arm for hemodialysis. Which finding requires immediate intervention?
- A. A thrill is palpable on the fistula.
- B. The client's arm is warm and red.
- C. The fistula has a bruit on auscultation.
- D. There is no bruit on auscultation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Warmth and redness in the client's arm suggest infection or thrombosis of the arteriovenous fistula, which requires immediate intervention to prevent complications. A thrill (A) is a normal finding in a functional arteriovenous fistula, indicating good blood flow. A bruit (C) is also a normal finding on auscultation of a functioning arteriovenous fistula, indicating proper blood flow. The absence of a bruit (D) may indicate a non-functioning fistula, which would need further evaluation but does not require immediate intervention as warmth and redness do.
The healthcare provider is caring for a client with hyperparathyroidism. Which laboratory result requires immediate intervention?
- A. Serum calcium of 11 mg/dL.
- B. Serum phosphorus of 3 mg/dL.
- C. Serum magnesium of 1.8 mg/dL.
- D. Serum albumin of 4 g/dL.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A serum calcium level of 11 mg/dL indicates hypercalcemia, which can be a complication of hyperparathyroidism and requires immediate intervention. Hypercalcemia can lead to serious complications such as cardiac dysrhythmias, renal failure, and neurologic symptoms. Monitoring and managing serum calcium levels are crucial in clients with hyperparathyroidism. Serum phosphorus, magnesium, and albumin levels are important to assess in clients with hyperparathyroidism, but they do not require immediate intervention as hypercalcemia poses a more urgent risk.