Nokea
A pulse oximeter measures
- A. Blood pressure
- B. Body temperature
- C. Blood oxygen level
- D. Blood glucose level
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Blood oxygen level. A pulse oximeter measures the oxygen saturation level in the blood, indicating how well oxygen is being carried to the body's tissues. It does this by shining light through the skin to detect the amount of oxygen-bound hemoglobin in the blood. Choice A, blood pressure, is measured using a sphygmomanometer. Choice B, body temperature, is typically measured using a thermometer. Choice D, blood glucose level, is measured using a glucometer. Thus, the correct answer is C as it directly aligns with the function and purpose of a pulse oximeter.
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Which of the following can help reduce pain?
- A. Pounding the resident on the back
- B. Jumping jacks
- C. Squeezing the body part
- D. Warmth or medication
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Warmth or medication. Warmth can help relax muscles and increase blood flow, reducing pain. Medications like analgesics can block pain signals. Pounding on the back (A) and doing jumping jacks (B) can worsen pain by causing further injury. Squeezing the body part (C) can provide temporary relief but doesn't address the underlying cause of pain.
Which of the following statements is true of Alzheimer's disease (AD)?
- A. Skills used over a lifetime are usually kept longer.
- B. Residents with AD show the same signs at the same times.
- C. NAs should do everything for residents.
- D. Alzheimer's is a normal part of aging.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer, A, is true because skills used over a lifetime are typically stored in long-term memory, which is less affected by Alzheimer's disease. This allows individuals to retain those skills longer compared to newly acquired skills. Choice B is incorrect because residents with AD may exhibit different signs and symptoms at different times due to the progressive nature of the disease. Choice C is incorrect as NAs should encourage residents to perform tasks independently to maintain their sense of autonomy. Choice D is incorrect because Alzheimer's disease is not a normal part of aging but rather a neurodegenerative disorder.
Laboratory results for a patient on prolonged bedrest include a high level of urinary calcium. What risk does this pose for the patient?
- A. urinary calcium is not a concern
- B. renal calculi (kidney stones)
- C. increased urinary output
- D. imbalanced intake/output
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Excess urinary calcium from bone breakdown risks kidney stones.
A chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine or colon is called
- A. Malabsorption
- B. Fecal impaction
- C. Crohn's disease
- D. Ulcerative colitis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale for the correct answer (D): Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease specifically affecting the large intestine or colon. It is characterized by inflammation and ulcers in the lining of the colon, leading to symptoms like abdominal pain, diarrhea, and rectal bleeding. This distinguishes it from Crohn's disease, which can affect any part of the digestive tract.
Summary of incorrect choices:
A: Malabsorption refers to the inability to absorb nutrients properly and is not specific to the large intestine.
B: Fecal impaction is a condition where a hard mass of stool gets stuck in the colon, causing blockage, but it is not a chronic inflammatory disease.
C: Crohn's disease is also a chronic inflammatory condition, but it can affect any part of the digestive tract, not just the large intestine like ulcerative colitis.
A female resident's perineal area should be cleaned
- A. Without using soap
- B. With a special oil
- C. From front to back
- D. From the anal area to the meatus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct Answer: C - From front to back
Rationale:
1. Cleaning from front to back reduces the risk of transferring bacteria from the anal area to the urinary meatus, preventing urinary tract infections.
2. It follows the natural direction of the perineal area, maintaining proper hygiene and preventing cross-contamination.
Summary of Incorrect Choices:
A: Cleaning without soap may not effectively remove bacteria and could lead to inadequate hygiene.
B: Using a special oil is unnecessary and may not provide the necessary cleansing for the perineal area.
D: Cleaning from the anal area to the meatus increases the risk of introducing bacteria into the urinary tract, potentially causing infections.