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a researcher found that there is a negative relationship between perceived parental perfectionism and life satisfaction. what does this mean?
- A. Respondents who reported higher levels of perceived parental perfectionism are more likely to report higher levels of life satisfaction
- B. Respondents who reported higher levels of perceived parental perfectionism are more likely to report lower levels of life satisfaction
- C. Perceived parental perfectionism causes a decline in life satisfaction
- D. Any of the above is correct
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
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What is the branch of psychology concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders called?
- A. Industrial psychology.
- B. Social psychology.
- C. Developmental psychology.
- D. Clinical psychology.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Clinical psychology. Clinical psychology specifically deals with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders. Industrial psychology (choice A) focuses on behavior in the workplace, social psychology (choice B) studies how people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others, and developmental psychology (choice C) is the study of how and why people change over time.
Sigmund Freud developed an innovative procedure for treating people with psychological problems, which he called?
- A. Behavior modification.
- B. Primal therapy.
- C. Psychoanalysis.
- D. Rational-emotive therapy.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sigmund Freud developed psychoanalysis, not behavior modification, primal therapy, or rational-emotive therapy, as an innovative method for treating psychological problems. Psychoanalysis focuses on exploring unconscious motivations to understand and address psychological disorders, making it the correct answer. Behavior modification involves changing behavior through conditioning techniques, primal therapy emphasizes expressing repressed emotions, and rational-emotive therapy aims to identify and change irrational beliefs.
Which of the following is a common criticism against Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
- A. The sequence of stages is not fixed.
- B. Research has not supported the existence of the preoperational stage.
- C. Piaget put a heavy emphasis on the environment, ignoring the importance of mental processes.
- D. Children develop abilities earlier than Piaget theorized.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because one common criticism of Piaget's theory is that children often acquire cognitive abilities earlier than Piaget proposed. This criticism suggests that Piaget's stages might not be as fixed or rigid as he believed. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect: A is a characteristic of Piaget's theory; B is not a common criticism, as research generally supports the existence of Piaget's stages; and C is inaccurate, as Piaget actually emphasized the importance of mental processes in cognitive development.
In defining a mental disorder, deviance refers to?
- A. Amount of suffering the individual is experiencing due to the mental disorder
- B. Inability of an individual to fulfill a certain role (e.g., work or family obligation)
- C. The capacity of the individual to cause harm to the people around them
- D. The tendency of an individual to display behaviors that are culturally unexpected
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In defining a mental disorder, deviance refers to behavior that is culturally unexpected or violates social norms. This means that the individual displays behaviors that are not typical or acceptable within their specific culture or society. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not directly relate to the concept of deviance in the context of defining a mental disorder. The amount of suffering, inability to fulfill a role, or capacity to cause harm are important considerations in understanding mental disorders but are not specifically related to deviance.
Behaviors that deviate from the norm are?
- A. Always seen as a disorder if they violate social norms
- B. Considered a disorder regardless of culture
- C. Typically seen as a disorder when they impair functioning
- D. Never considered as a sign of abnormality
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Behaviors that deviate from the norm are typically considered disorders when they impair functioning. Choice A is incorrect because not all behaviors that deviate from the norm are considered disorders; they need to impair functioning. Choice B is incorrect because the cultural context plays a significant role in determining what is considered abnormal. Choice D is incorrect because behaviors that deviate from the norm can indeed be considered signs of abnormality, especially if they impair functioning.