Nokea
A researcher seeking an organic basis for schizophrenia would be well-advised to investigate the role of
- A. amphetamines and amphetamine receptors
- B. adrenaline and noradrenaline
- C. histamine and antihistamine
- D. dopamine and dopamine receptors
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dopamine dysregulation, particularly via receptors, is a primary organic focus in schizophrenia research.
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A 75-year-old patient comes to the clinic reporting frequent headaches. As the nurse begins the interaction, which action is most important?
- A. Complete a neurological assessment
- B. Determine whether the patient can hear as the nurse speaks
- C. Suggest that the patient lie down in a darkened room for a few minutes
- D. Administer medication to relieve the patient's pain before continuing the assessment
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B. Determine whether the patient can hear as the nurse speaks.
Rationale:
1. Hearing assessment is crucial to ensure patient understanding and communication.
2. Hearing loss may affect compliance with treatment and safety.
3. Identifying hearing deficits early can prevent misunderstandings and improve patient outcomes.
Summary:
- A: While a neurological assessment may be necessary, addressing hearing first is more immediate.
- C: Suggesting rest may help with headache management, but addressing hearing is more critical.
- D: Administering medication is premature without assessing hearing first.
A nurse has recently been assigned to a unit that specializes in the care of patients diagnosed with eating disorders. The nurse should consider which of the following actions as having priority when preparing for this new assignment?
- A. Becoming familiar with the unit's policies and procedures.
- B. Arranging to mentor with a nurse who has experience on the unit.
- C. Self-reflecting on personal feelings regarding body weight and size.
- D. Attending an educational seminar that focuses on maladaptive eating disorders.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Self-reflecting on personal feelings regarding body weight and size is crucial for the nurse to be aware of any biases or triggers that may affect patient care. Understanding personal attitudes towards body image can prevent unintentional harm or judgment towards patients.
A: Becoming familiar with the unit's policies and procedures is important but not the top priority when dealing with patients with eating disorders.
B: Arranging to mentor with a nurse who has experience on the unit can be helpful but does not address the nurse's personal biases.
D: Attending an educational seminar is valuable but may not address the nurse's own attitudes towards body image.
A patient with an eating disorder states, 'Now that I've gained 4 pounds, I can't wear shorts until I lose it again.' The nurse documents that the patient is exhibiting which cognitive distortion related to maladaptive eating regulation responses?
- A. Magnification
- B. Superstitious thinking
- C. Personalization
- D. Dichotomous thinking
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Magnification. This cognitive distortion involves exaggerating the significance of a negative event, in this case, gaining 4 pounds. The patient's focus on this small weight gain as a major obstacle to wearing shorts reflects magnification. Superstitious thinking (B) involves believing in unrelated events causing outcomes, which is not evident here. Personalization (C) involves taking responsibility for events beyond one's control, which is not the case in this scenario. Dichotomous thinking (D) involves seeing things in black and white terms, which is not demonstrated in the patient's statement.
The outcome that should be established for an elderly patient with delirium caused by fever and dehydration is that the patient will:
- A. Return to a premorbid level of functioning.
- B. Demonstrate motor responses to noxious stimuli.
- C. Identify stressors negatively affecting self.
- D. None of the above.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the goal in managing delirium in an elderly patient is to restore them to their premorbid level of functioning. This involves addressing the underlying causes like fever and dehydration. Option B is incorrect as it focuses on a neurological response rather than the overall outcome for the patient. Option C is also incorrect as it pertains to identifying stressors, which is not the primary goal in managing delirium. Option D is incorrect as it dismisses the importance of restoring the patient to their baseline level of functioning.
A 17-year-old client is admitted to the ED after being alternately hyperalert and difficult to arouse. His symptoms all started within the last few hours, during which time he became agitated and restless, and his memory was impaired, especially for recent events. The client displayed some delusions and misinterpretations of his surroundings. The nurse knows she needs to assess the client further for:
- A. Drug use.
- B. Infection.
- C. Metabolic disorder.
- D. None of the above.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Drug use. Given the client's sudden onset of symptoms, including altered mental status, agitation, memory impairment, delusions, and misinterpretations of surroundings, drug use is the most likely cause. Step 1: Consider the timeline - symptoms started within a few hours. Step 2: Review the symptoms - agitation, memory impairment, delusions, altered mental status. Step 3: Think of common causes for acute onset of these symptoms - drug use can lead to these manifestations. Step 4: Rule out other potential causes - infection and metabolic disorders typically present with different symptomatology and are less likely in this acute scenario. Step 5: Therefore, the nurse should prioritize assessing the client for drug use to provide appropriate interventions.