Nokea
A student nurse is reviewing clinical manifestations of chronic kidney disease. Which of the following findings are consistent with this diagnosis? (Select all that apply)
- A. Hypokalemia
- B. Anemia
- C. Hypertension
- D. Crackles in the lungs
- E. Lethargy
- F. Proteinuria
Correct Answer: B,C,E,F
Rationale: These reflect common CKD complications including erythropoietin deficiency, fluid overload, uremia, and glomerular damage.
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A client in the emergency department has suspected stomach perforation due to a peptic ulcer. The nurse is completing the assessment and should expect which of the following findings? (Select all that apply).
- A. Tachycardia
- B. Rebound tenderness
- C. Rigid abdomen
- D. Elevated blood pressure
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: These are classic signs of perforation and peritonitis: tachycardia from pain/stress, rebound tenderness and rigidity from peritoneal irritation.
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory values of a client who had a myocardial infarction 3 hours ago. The nurse should expect which of the following laboratory values to be elevated?
- A. Troponin
- B. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
- C. Serum amylase
- D. Unconjugated bilirubin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Troponin rises within 3-12 hours post-MI and is the most specific marker for myocardial injury.
A nurse is instructing a client with diabetes mellitus about peritoneal dialysis. The nurse tells the client that it is important to maintain the prescribed dwell time for the dialysis due to the risk of which complication?
- A. Hyperglycemia
- B. Disequilibrium syndrome
- C. Peritonitis
- D. Hyperphosphatemia
- E. The client experiences pain upon palpation of the epigastric region.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Maintaining dwell time prevents excessive glucose absorption from dialysate which could cause hyperglycemia.
A nurse is obtaining a health history for a client with chronic pancreatitis. Which of the following indicates the primary cause of the client's condition?
- A. Weight gain
- B. Use of alcohol
- C. Abdominal pain relieved with food or antacids
- D. Exposure to occupational chemicals
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The use of alcohol is the most common cause of chronic pancreatitis, accounting for about 70% of cases.
A client presents with a possible bowel obstruction, and the nurse completes a detailed abdominal assessment. Which of the following clinical manifestations are consistent with a large bowel obstruction? (Select all that apply).
- A. Profuse vomiting with fecal odor
- B. Epigastric abdominal distention
- C. Intermittent abdominal cramping
- D. Ribbon-like stools or diarrhea
- E. Metabolic acidosis
- F. Severe fluid and electrolyte imbalance
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D,E,F
Rationale: All are potential findings in LBO due to mechanical obstruction, bacterial overgrowth, and fluid shifts.