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A team of community health nurses are planning to draft a proposal for a program that will increase the communitys alignment with the principles contained in the Healthy People 2020 report. Which of the following activities would best demonstrate the priorities identified in this report?
- A. Addressing determinants of health such as clean environments and safety in the community
- B. Lobbying for increased funding to the county hospital where many residents receive primary care
- C. Collaborating with health professionals in neighboring communities to pool resources and increase efficiencies
- D. Creating clinical placements where nursing students and members of other health disciplines can gain experience in a community setting
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Healthy People 2020 addresses social determinants of health such as safety and the state of the environment. This report does not specifically address matters such as hospital funding, nursing education, or resource allocation.
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The IOM Report Health Professions Education: A Bridge to Quality issued a number of challenges to the educational programs that teach nurses and members of other health professions. According to this report, what activity should educational institutions prioritize?
- A. More clearly delineate each professions scope of practice during education
- B. Move toward developing a single health curriculum that can be adapted for any health profession
- C. Include interdisciplinary core competencies into curricula
- D. Elicit input from patients and families into health care curricula
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Health Professions Education: A Bridge to Quality challenged health professions education programs to integrate interdisciplinary core competencies into their respective curricula to include patient-centered care, interdisciplinary teamwork and collaboration, evidence-based practice, quality improvement, safety, and informatics. This report did not specify clearer definitions of scope of practice, patient input, or a single curriculum.
The view that health and illness are not static states but that they exist on a continuum is central to professional health care systems. When planning care, this view aids the nurse in appreciating which of the following?
- A. Care should focus primarily on the treatment of disease.
- B. A persons state of health is ever-changing.
- C. A person can transition from health to illness rapidly.
- D. Care should focus on the patients compliance with interventions.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: By viewing health and illness on a continuum, it is possible to consider a person as being neither completely healthy nor completely ill. Instead, a persons state of health is ever-changing and has the potential to range from high-level wellness to extremely poor health and imminent death. The other answers are incorrect because patient care should not focus just on the treatment of disease. Rapid declines in health and compliance with treatment are not key to this view of health.
CNPs are educated as specialists in areas such as family care, pediatrics, or geriatrics. In most states, what right do CNPs have that RNs do not possess?
- A. Perform health interventions independently
- B. Make referrals to members of other health disciplines
- C. Prescribe medications
- D. Perform surgery independently
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In most states, nurse practitioners have prescriptive authority. Surgery is beyond the CNP scope of practice and all professional nurses may perform interventions and make certain referrals.
With increases in longevity, people have had to become more knowledgeable about their health and the professional health care that they receive. One outcome of this phenomenon is the development of organized self-care education programs. Which of the following do these programs prioritize?
- A. Adequate prenatal care
- B. Government advocacy and lobbying
- C. Judicious use of online communities
- D. Management of illness
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Organized self-care education programs emphasize health promotion, disease prevention, management of illness, self-care, and judicious use of the professional health care system. Prenatal care, lobbying, and Internet activities are secondary.
Our world is connected by a sophisticated communication system that makes much health information instantly accessible, no matter where the patient is being treated. This instant access to health information has impacted health care delivery strategies, including the delivery of nursing care. What is one way the delivery of health care has been impacted by this phenomenon?
- A. Brisk changes as well as swift obsolescence
- B. Rapid change that is nearly permanent
- C. Limitations on the settings where care can be provided
- D. Increased need for social acceptance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The sophisticated communication systems that connect most parts of the world, with the capability of rapid storage, retrieval, and dissemination of information, have stimulated brisk change as well as swift obsolescence in health care delivery strategies. The other answers are incorrect because, although we have rapid change in the delivery of nursing care, it does not last a long time; it is evolving as health care itself evolves. Giving nursing care has not become easier, it becomes more complex with every change; and it does not need to be more socially acceptable; it needs to be more culturally sensitive.