A therapeutic milieu is:
- A. A safe environment of care that is conducive to the prevention of medical errors.
- B. A client care area that provides personal privacy and the confidentiality of medical information.
- C. A European method of design and color to promote health and wellness.
- D. The provision of a therapeutic environment of consistency to promote health.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A therapeutic milieu is a structured environment designed to promote healing and recovery through consistency, safety, and therapeutic interactions.
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A client with a diagnosis of myasthenia gravis is prescribed pyridostigmine (Mestinon). The nurse should teach the client to take the medication:
- A. On an empty stomach.
- B. With meals to reduce side effects.
- C. At bedtime to promote sleep.
- D. As needed for muscle weakness.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pyridostigmine should be taken with food to reduce gastrointestinal side effects like nausea.
A client has received an overdose of sympathomimetic agents. The nurse should assess the client for which of the following late signs of an overdose? Select all that apply.
- A. Hypotension.
- B. Bradycardia.
- C. Seizures.
- D. Profound pyrexia.
- E. Hypertension.
Correct Answer: C, D, E
Rationale: Sympathomimetic overdose can cause seizures, profound pyrexia (fever), and hypertension due to excessive stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system.
Before the nurse administers I.V. replacement of 5% dextrose in water with potassium chloride, what nursing intervention must be completed first?
- A. Adding potassium chloride to the bag at the bedside
- B. Evaluating laboratory results for electrolytes
- C. Priming tubing using sterile technique
- D. Checking the rate for I.V. push administration
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Evaluating electrolyte levels, especially potassium, is critical before administering potassium chloride to prevent hyperkalemia. Adding potassium at the bedside is unsafe, and priming or checking rates follows.
Which of the following statements indicates that the client with a peptic ulcer understands the dietary modifications he needs to follow at home?
- A. I should eat a bland, soft diet.'
- B. It is important to eat six small meals a day.'
- C. I should drink several glasses of milk a day.'
- D. I should avoid alcohol and caffeine.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Avoiding alcohol and caffeine is critical for peptic ulcer management, as these substances can exacerbate ulcer symptoms and delay healing.
Select the electrolyte that is accurately paired with its normal level.
- A. Phosphate: From 0.81 to 1.45 mmol/L.
- B. Chloride: From 60 to 110 mEq/L.
- C. Calcium: From 6.5 - 10.6 mg/dL.
- D. Potassium: From 3.7 to 7.2 mEq/L.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Normal phosphate levels are 0.81 to 1.45 mmol/L (2.5 to 4.5 mg/dL), making this the correct pairing.
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