HESI Basic Care Needs of Patients

HESI Basic Care Needs of Patients Related

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A tumor that is not cancerous is called a

  • A. Nonspecific tumor
  • B. Malignant tumor
  • C. Septic tumor
  • D. Benign tumor
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Benign tumor. Benign tumors are noncancerous growths that do not invade nearby tissues or spread to other parts of the body. They are typically localized and do not pose a significant threat to health. The term "benign" indicates that the tumor is not harmful and tends to have a slow growth rate.

Rationale:
1. A: Nonspecific tumor - This term does not accurately describe the nature of a noncancerous tumor. Nonspecific typically refers to something that is not clearly defined or specific.
2. B: Malignant tumor - Malignant tumors are cancerous growths that can invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body. This choice is incorrect as it describes a type of tumor that is harmful and poses a serious health risk.
3. C: Septic tumor - The term "septic" refers to an infection caused by bacteria, which is not related to the classification of tumors.

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The practice of repeating phrases over and over again is

  • A. Pillaging
  • B. Perseverating
  • C. Hoarding
  • D. Disrupting
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Perseverating. Perseverating refers to the act of repeating phrases or actions persistently. This behavior is often seen in individuals with certain mental health conditions or cognitive impairments. Pillaging (A) means to loot or plunder, which is unrelated to repeating phrases. Hoarding (C) is the act of collecting and keeping items excessively, not repeating phrases. Disrupting (D) means to interrupt or disturb, which is also unrelated to the repetition of phrases. Therefore, B is the correct choice as it directly relates to the practice described in the question.

A _______________ is when the heart stops beating.

  • A. Pulmonary arrest
  • B. Respiratory arrest
  • C. Cardiac arrest
  • D. Complete arrest
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Cardiac arrest. This is when the heart stops beating, leading to the cessation of blood flow. Pulmonary arrest (A) refers to the cessation of breathing, not the heart. Respiratory arrest (B) is when breathing stops. Complete arrest (D) is a vague term and does not specifically refer to the heart stopping. Therefore, the correct answer is C as it directly addresses the scenario of the heart no longer beating, which is a life-threatening emergency.

What information does a Safety Data Sheet (SDS) contain?

  • A. Costs of the chemical
  • B. Comparisons with other chemicals
  • C. Names of other facilities using the chemical
  • D. Description of emergency response actions
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Description of emergency response actions. A Safety Data Sheet (SDS) is a document that provides information about the hazards of a chemical product, including emergency response procedures in case of accidents or exposure. This information is crucial for ensuring the safety of individuals handling the chemical.

Incorrect choices:
A: Costs of the chemical - SDS does not typically include information on the costs of the chemical as it focuses on safety and health hazards.
B: Comparisons with other chemicals - SDS does not usually provide comparisons with other chemicals but focuses on the specific hazards and safety measures for the chemical in question.
C: Names of other facilities using the chemical - SDS does not list names of other facilities but instead provides information on the hazards and proper handling of the chemical.

An elderly patient is found unconscious and unresponsive. His heart rate is 30 beats per minute, blood pressure is 70/40 mmHg, and his skin is pale and cool. Which intervention should be performed first?

  • A. Administer atropine 0.5 mg IV
  • B. Establish transcutaneous pacing
  • C. Administer dopamine infusion
  • D. Provide a fluid bolus of normal saline
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Establish transcutaneous pacing. This intervention is crucial to immediately address the bradycardia and maintain cardiac output in the elderly patient with symptomatic bradycardia and hypotension. Transcutaneous pacing provides rapid external electrical stimulation to increase the heart rate and improve perfusion. Administering atropine, dopamine infusion, or a fluid bolus of normal saline may not be effective in this scenario as the patient's heart rate is dangerously low, and transcutaneous pacing is the most appropriate intervention to address the underlying cause of the hemodynamic instability.

Which of the following statements is true of cast care?

  • A. Keep the cast wet or damp.
  • B. Use a sharp object to remove items that have fallen inside the cast.
  • C. Elevate an extremity that is in a cast.
  • D. Use warm water and soap to wash the cast when it gets dirty.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Elevate an extremity that is in a cast. Elevating the extremity helps reduce swelling and promote circulation, aiding in the healing process. Elevating the casted limb above the heart level also helps to reduce pain and discomfort.

A: Keeping the cast wet or damp can lead to skin irritation, infection, and weakening of the cast material.
B: Using a sharp object to remove items inside the cast can cause injury to the skin and the underlying tissues.
D: Using warm water and soap to wash the cast can weaken the cast material and may lead to skin irritation and infection.