Nokea
A twenty-eight-year-old client enters the family therapy meeting clutching a blanket and holds the blanket throughout the session while rocking back and forth in the chair. What defense mechanism is the client demonstrating?
- A. denial
- B. projection
- C. undoing
- D. regression
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: regression. The client clutching a blanket and rocking back and forth indicate a return to an earlier stage of development to cope with stress or anxiety. Regression involves reverting to behaviors from a less mature stage. Denial (A) involves refusing to acknowledge reality, projection (B) involves attributing one's feelings onto others, and undoing (C) involves trying to undo or reverse an unacceptable action or thought. These defense mechanisms do not align with the client's behavior of regression.
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As a nurse working in obstetrics, what is one way to mitigate possible causes of intellectual disability?
- A. Explain to the parent the treatment options available.
- B. Explain to the parent environmental risks to avoid during pregnancy.
- C. Explain to the parent that genetics have a role in this disability.
- D. Explain to the parent that learning disabilities often go unnoticed until the child enters school.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because avoiding environmental risks during pregnancy can help mitigate possible causes of intellectual disability. Environmental factors such as exposure to toxins, infections, and poor nutrition can have a significant impact on fetal brain development. By educating parents about these risks, nurses can empower them to make informed choices to protect their baby's cognitive development.
Choice A is incorrect because treatment options are not preventive measures to avoid intellectual disability.
Choice C is incorrect because while genetics can play a role in intellectual disability, it is not something parents can actively mitigate during pregnancy.
Choice D is incorrect because learning disabilities are different from intellectual disabilities, and addressing them at school age is not a preventive measure during pregnancy.
Which individual is demonstrating the highest level of resilience?
- A. Is able to repress stressors.
- B. Becomes depressed after the death of a spouse.
- C. Lives in a shelter for 2 years after the home is destroyed by fire.
- D. Takes a temporary job to maintain financial stability after loss of a permanent job.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the individual demonstrates resilience by adapting to adversity and taking proactive steps to maintain financial stability after a setback. This shows a positive coping mechanism and ability to bounce back.
A is incorrect as repressing stressors is not a healthy way of dealing with challenges. B is incorrect as becoming depressed indicates a lack of resilience. C, although a challenging situation, does not necessarily indicate the highest level of resilience as the individual is not actively taking steps to improve their situation.
The statement"Growth involves resolution of critical tasks through the eight stages of the life cycle" is a concept of which therapeutic model?
- A. Interpersonal.
- B. Cognitive-behavioral.
- C. Intrapersonal.
- D. Psychoanalytic.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Interpersonal. This concept aligns with Erikson's psychosocial theory, which emphasizes the importance of resolving developmental tasks at each stage of life. Interpersonal therapy focuses on relationships and interactions with others, making it the most suitable model for addressing growth through the life cycle. Choice B (Cognitive-behavioral) focuses on thoughts and behaviors, not developmental stages. Choice C (Intrapersonal) refers to self-awareness and understanding, not specifically addressing life stages. Choice D (Psychoanalytic) focuses on unconscious processes and early childhood experiences, not necessarily on resolving tasks through different life stages.
A category 5 tornado occurred in a community of 400 people. Many homes and businesses were destroye In the 2 years following the disaster, 140 individuals were diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Which term best applies to these newly diagnosed cases?
- A. Prevalence
- B. Comorbidity
- C. Incidence
- D. Parity
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The term that best applies to the newly diagnosed cases of PTSD is "Incidence" (Choice C). Incidence refers to the rate of new cases of a disease within a specific population over a defined period. In this case, the 140 individuals newly diagnosed with PTSD in the 2 years following the tornado represent the occurrence of new cases within the community of 400 people. This term specifically addresses the number of new cases arising from a particular event or exposure.
Summary:
A: Prevalence refers to the total number of cases (new and existing) within a population at a specific point in time.
B: Comorbidity refers to the presence of two or more conditions in an individual at the same time.
D: Parity refers to equality or equivalence, which is not relevant to the context of new PTSD diagnoses post-tornado.
During a therapy session, a patient is asked to rate the intensity of his current issue from 1 to 10 with 1 being complete absence of the issue and 10 being the most intense. The patient is being asked which type of question?
- A. Relationship
- B. Miracle
- C. Scaling
- D. Exception
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Scaling. Scaling questions involve asking clients to rate the intensity of their issues on a numerical scale, just like in this scenario. This helps therapists understand the perceived severity of the problem and track changes over time. Relationship questions focus on interpersonal dynamics, miracle questions explore ideal outcomes, and exception questions inquire about times when the issue is not present. In this case, the question about rating intensity aligns best with the scaling technique.