Nokea
A type of cancer treatment that uses antibodies or vaccines to fight malignant tumors is
- A. Radiation therapy
- B. Hormone therapy
- C. Chemotherapy
- D. Immunotherapy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Immunotherapy is the correct answer because it uses antibodies or vaccines to boost the body's immune system to recognize and destroy cancer cells. This approach specifically targets cancer cells without harming normal cells. Radiation therapy (A) uses high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells, hormone therapy (B) blocks hormones that fuel cancer growth, and chemotherapy (C) uses drugs to kill cancer cells, but they do not directly involve antibodies or vaccines like immunotherapy.
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What is the membrane that covers and protects the lungs?
- A. Plaque
- B. Pancreas
- C. Lymph
- D. Pleur
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Pleur. The pleura is the double-layered membrane that covers and protects the lungs. The visceral pleura is in direct contact with the lung tissue, while the parietal pleura lines the chest cavity. This protective membrane helps reduce friction during breathing.
Plaque (A), Pancreas (B), and Lymph (C) are incorrect choices. Plaque is a buildup of fatty deposits in arteries, not related to the lungs. The pancreas is an organ involved in digestion and hormone regulation, not part of the lung structure. Lymph refers to the fluid and the system that helps the body fight infections, not a membrane covering the lungs.
A policy is
- A. A course of action that should be taken every time a certain situation occurs
- B. A specific method of doing something
- C. The chain of command within the facility
- D. Another term for a state inspection of a healthcare facility
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because a policy is a predetermined course of action that guides decision-making in specific situations. It is not always applicable every time a situation occurs, but provides a framework for consistent and appropriate actions. Choice B is incorrect as it refers to a procedure, not a policy. Choice C is incorrect because it defines organizational structure, not policy. Choice D is incorrect as it refers to a regulatory assessment, not a policy.
What is one reason that a resident might have an order to restrict her fluid intake?
- A. The resident is sleepy.
- B. The resident has an order for physical therapy.
- C. The resident has a weight-reducing diet order.
- D. The resident has a gastrointestinal illness.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because a resident with a gastrointestinal illness may have restrictions on fluid intake to prevent exacerbating symptoms like diarrhea or vomiting. This restriction helps in managing the illness and preventing dehydration. Choice A (The resident is sleepy) is irrelevant to fluid intake. Choice B (The resident has an order for physical therapy) does not directly impact fluid intake. Choice C (The resident has a weight-reducing diet order) focuses on dietary intake, not fluid intake. Thus, the rationale for the correct answer lies in the direct relationship between gastrointestinal illness and the need for fluid restriction.
What is a function of the male reproductive system?
- A. To manufacture testosterone
- B. To manufacture progesterone
- C. To manufacture ova
- D. To manufacture estrogen
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: To manufacture testosterone. The male reproductive system includes testes that produce testosterone, the primary male sex hormone. Testosterone is responsible for the development of male reproductive tissues and secondary sexual characteristics. Progesterone (B) is primarily produced by the female reproductive system, specifically the ovaries. Ova (C) are female reproductive cells produced by the ovaries. Estrogen (D) is the primary female sex hormone produced by the ovaries. Therefore, A is the correct answer as it accurately reflects the function of the male reproductive system in producing testosterone.
For EMS professionals to determine death in the pre-hospital environment, which of the following criteria must be met by the paramedic?
- A. No electrical activity in the heart as confirmed by an EKG tracing indicating asystole
- B. Apnea with a gag reflex as indicated by an attempt to intubate or establish another means of advanced airway
- C. Independent lividity noted to the low points of the patient's body with skin that is cold and clammy
- D. Pupils that are pinpoint, fixed, and non-reactive to light along with decreased muscle tone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: No electrical activity in the heart as confirmed by an EKG tracing indicating asystole. This is the most accurate criteria for determining death in the pre-hospital environment as it indicates complete cessation of cardiac activity. Asystole on an EKG is a definitive sign of cardiac arrest and irreversible death.
Choice B is incorrect because apnea with a gag reflex does not confirm death. A gag reflex may still be present even in a deceased individual.
Choice C is incorrect because lividity and skin condition are not definitive indicators of death and can be influenced by other factors.
Choice D is incorrect because pinpoint pupils and decreased muscle tone are not exclusive to death and can be present in other medical conditions.