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A very busy day is planned at a community health fair, and a nurse spends time greeting and meeting each person who walks in. Which best describes the rationale for this action?
- A. To distribute evaluation forms immediately so the participants can fill in the appropriate answers after each interaction with a professional
- B. To immediately establish a friendly relationship and a level of trust
- C. To make sure everyone knew who was sponsoring this free event
- D. To most efficiently send the person to the area consistent with his or her apparent health need
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The core of health education is the therapeutic and healing relationship between the nurse and clients. Inclusion and trust must be established before creating change. The nurse enhances inclusion by greeting clients on arrival in a warm fashion. Distribution of evaluation forms, informing participants of program sponsorship, and sending clients to the appropriate area of the health fair are not as important as the need for establishing a relationship.
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Which best describes what Knowles says is especially typical of adult learners?
- A. Barriers such as low self-esteem must be ignored when sharing information.
- B. Learning is based on what knowledge will be needed in the future.
- C. Learning draws on the learner's previous life experiences.
- D. They need to know why professionals think this knowledge is important.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Knowles suggests all learners want to know why they need to learn material. Material related to previous life experiences, current developmental tasks, or dealing with current challenges is useful and accepted by adult learners. Material chosen by professionals based on what might happen in the future or that ignores barriers such as lack of resources or low self-esteem will not be retained. Active participation through discussion with others helps involve and motivate adult learners.
Which primary prevention would the school nurse choose to address the school's number of unwed pregnancies?
- A. Create a class on parenting for both the moms-to-be and the dads-to-be.
- B. Convince the school board to allow sex education classes to include birth control measures.
- C. Employ the moms-to-be as 1-hour-a-day employees in the school daycare center for children born to school students.
- D. Establish a class where all the unwed moms-to-be can learn infant care.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Primary prevention aims to prevent a problem before it occurs. Education on sexuality and birth control directly addresses the prevention of future pregnancies, unlike the other options which focus on post-pregnancy support.
Which of the following is a primary prevention strategy for preventing the spread of infectious diseases?
- A. Offering vaccines to prevent disease
- B. Providing antibiotics to treat infected individuals
- C. Promoting the use of condoms to prevent STIs
- D. Providing education on proper handwashing techniques
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because offering vaccines is a primary prevention strategy that aims to prevent the occurrence of disease in the first place by building immunity against specific pathogens. This approach targets the root cause of infectious diseases and helps reduce the spread within the population. Vaccines are administered before exposure to the disease, making them a proactive measure.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they fall under secondary or tertiary prevention strategies. Providing antibiotics (B) treats infected individuals after they have already contracted the disease, which is a secondary prevention measure. Promoting condom use (C) aims to reduce the risk of transmission after exposure, making it a form of secondary prevention for STIs. Education on handwashing techniques (D) is a good hygiene practice, but it is more focused on reducing the spread of infections after exposure, making it a secondary prevention strategy as well.
What conclusion can be drawn from examining where nurses are employed?
- A. There is a trend toward consolidation of health care into large central medical centers.
- B. There is an increased emphasis on community-based health care.
- C. There is an obvious need to decrease health care costs by cutting positions.
- D. Managed care organizations (MCOs) are employing nurses to improve customer relations.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nurses are increasingly employed in community settings as opposed to hospitals, reflecting a move toward community-based care rather than hospital-based tertiary care. This shift aligns with efforts to prevent disease and reduce costs, rather than focusing solely on acute care in centralized facilities.
The RN at a migrant health center notes an increased incidence of dermatitis in seasonal farm workers at a local fruit farm. In response to this finding, it is most important for the RN to obtain which info as part of the community assessment?
- A. Availability of clean fresh water to wash hands after work.
- B. Proper housing
- C. Access to health care services
- D. Access to transportation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because hand hygiene is crucial in preventing dermatitis. Clean water to wash hands after work helps remove irritants and allergens that can cause dermatitis. This directly addresses the increased incidence of dermatitis among farm workers.
Choice B (Proper housing) is not directly related to dermatitis prevention. Choice C (Access to health care services) is important but does not address the immediate cause of dermatitis. Choice D (Access to transportation) is not as critical as ensuring proper hand hygiene to prevent dermatitis.