Nokea
A woman, 6 weeks pregnant, is having a vaginal examination. Which of the following would the practitioner expect to find?
- A. Thin cervical muscle.
- B. An enlarged ovary.
- C. Thick cervical mucus.
- D. Pale pink vaginal wall.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An enlarged ovary is a common finding in early pregnancy due to the corpus luteum. Thin cervical muscle, thick cervical mucus, and a pale pink vaginal wall are not typical findings at this stage.
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What part of the fetal body derives from the mesoderm?
- A. Nails
- B. Oil glands
- C. Muscles
- D. Lining of the bladder
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The mesoderm is responsible for the development of muscles. Nails and oil glands derive from the ectoderm. The lining of the bladder derives from the endoderm.
The nurse is caring for a pregnant patient who has been diagnosed with gestational diabetes. Which of the following interventions should be implemented first?
- A. Administer insulin to control blood glucose levels.
- B. Instruct the patient to follow a diabetic diet and monitor blood glucose levels.
- C. Schedule a cesarean delivery due to the risk of macrosomia.
- D. Start the patient on antihypertensive medications to control blood pressure.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because instructing the patient to follow a diabetic diet and monitor blood glucose levels is the initial intervention for managing gestational diabetes. This step is crucial in controlling blood glucose levels and preventing complications for both the mother and the baby. Administering insulin (option A) may be necessary but is not the first step. Scheduling a cesarean delivery (option C) is not indicated unless there are specific obstetric indications. Starting the patient on antihypertensive medications (option D) is not relevant for managing gestational diabetes unless the patient also has hypertension.
A nurse is educating a pregnant patient about the importance of folic acid supplementation. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates the need for further teaching?
- A. Folic acid helps prevent birth defects in the baby's brain and spine.
- B. I should start taking folic acid before I become pregnant to ensure its benefits.
- C. I can stop taking folic acid after the first trimester because the baby's development is complete.
- D. Folic acid should be taken daily throughout the pregnancy to reduce the risk of birth defects.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
C is the correct answer because stopping folic acid after the first trimester is incorrect. Folic acid is crucial for the baby's neural tube development, which occurs in the early stages of pregnancy. Therefore, discontinuing supplementation after the first trimester could increase the risk of neural tube defects. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they emphasize the importance of folic acid in preventing birth defects and highlight the necessity of consistent supplementation throughout pregnancy for optimal benefits.
A patient in labor is experiencing vaginal bleeding with no pain. What is the most likely cause?
- A. Placental abruption
- B. Placenta previa
- C. Uterine rupture
- D. Cervical laceration
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Placenta previa. In placenta previa, the placenta partially or completely covers the cervix, leading to painless vaginal bleeding. Placental abruption (choice A) presents with painful bleeding. Uterine rupture (choice C) typically causes severe abdominal pain. Cervical laceration (choice D) usually occurs during delivery and is not typically associated with painless bleeding during labor. Placenta previa is the most likely cause in this scenario due to painless bleeding and the absence of contractions.
A nurse is caring for a postpartum person with a diagnosis of uterine atony. What is the most appropriate first action to take?
- A. perform fundal massage
- B. administer a uterotonic medication
- C. perform a vaginal exam
- D. monitor vital signs
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct first action is to perform fundal massage. This helps stimulate uterine contractions, which can help control bleeding due to uterine atony. The massage should be done gently but firmly to prevent further complications. Administering uterotonic medication (choice B) can be done after fundal massage. Performing a vaginal exam (choice C) can increase the risk of infection and should be avoided initially. Monitoring vital signs (choice D) is important but addressing the uterine atony should be the priority to prevent further complications.