Nokea
A woman comes to the prenatal clinic because she thinks she is pregnant. Which of the following are probable signs of pregnancy? Select all that apply.
- A. Amenorrhea
- B. Uterine enlargement
- C. Positive pregnancy test
- D. Breast tenderness
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, positive pregnancy test. This is a probable sign of pregnancy because it directly indicates the presence of the pregnancy hormone hCG in the woman's body. Amenorrhea (choice A) and uterine enlargement (choice B) are actually presumptive signs of pregnancy, as they can be caused by factors other than pregnancy. Breast tenderness (choice D) is a possible sign of pregnancy but is not as specific or conclusive as a positive pregnancy test.
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A multigravida patient comes into the clinic for one of her second-trimester prenatal visits. The nurse reviews her laboratories that were drawn prior to the visit. Which laboratories results should concern the nurse most?
- A. Platelet count of 200,000 per μL (microliter) of blood
- B. Hemoglobin 9.5 g/dL
- C. White blood cell count of 11,000/μL
- D. Rubella titer ratio of 1:10
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hemoglobin 9.5 g/dL. This result indicates the patient is anemic, which is concerning during pregnancy as it can lead to complications like preterm birth or low birth weight. Anemia can also affect the mother's health. Platelet count of 200,000/μL is within the normal range, not a cause for concern. White blood cell count of 11,000/μL may indicate infection but is not as critical as anemia in pregnancy. Rubella titer ratio of 1:10 suggests immunity to rubella, which is not an immediate concern during the prenatal visit.
How soon should delivery of the fetus occur when a Category III FHR tracing is diagnosed?
- A. 15 minutes
- B. 30 minutes
- C. 45 minutes
- D. 60 minutes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 30 minutes. When a Category III FHR tracing is diagnosed, it indicates severe fetal distress. Prompt delivery is crucial to prevent adverse outcomes. 30 minutes allows for timely intervention without risking further harm to the fetus. Option A (15 minutes) may be too rushed, potentially causing unnecessary stress during the delivery process. Options C (45 minutes) and D (60 minutes) delay delivery, increasing the risk of complications due to prolonged fetal distress. Timing is critical in ensuring the best possible outcome for both the mother and the baby.
What is a possible complication of uterine tachysystole?
- A. Category I fetal heart rate tracing
- B. placenta previa
- C. fetal hypoxia
- D. prolapsed cord
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Uterine tachysystole is excessive uterine contractions, reducing placental perfusion and causing fetal hypoxia. This can lead to potential complications such as fetal distress and hypoxia. Category I fetal heart rate tracing is typically associated with normal fetal heart rate. Placenta previa is unrelated to uterine tachysystole. Prolapsed cord is a potential complication of uterine hyperstimulation, not tachysystole.
Why is multiple gestation is a risk factor for cesarean delivery?
- A. cord prolapse
- B. increased pain in labor
- C. inability to push
- D. twins in cephalic-cephalic presentation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: cord prolapse. In multiple gestation, there is a higher chance of cord prolapse due to the presence of more than one fetus in the uterus. This can lead to fetal distress and necessitate an emergency cesarean delivery to prevent complications. The other choices are incorrect because increased pain in labor, inability to push, and twins in cephalic-cephalic presentation are not direct risk factors for cesarean delivery in the context of multiple gestation.
With what has maternal hypertension been associated?
- A. anorexia
- B. low birth weight
- C. macrosomia
- D. symphysis pubis dysfunction
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Maternal hypertension can lead to decreased blood flow to the placenta, resulting in restricted growth and low birth weight in the baby. This association is well-documented in research and clinical practice. Low birth weight is a common consequence of maternal hypertension due to inadequate nutrient and oxygen supply to the fetus. Therefore, choice B is the correct answer. Choices A, C, and D are not directly associated with maternal hypertension. Anorexia is a psychological disorder related to eating habits, macrosomia refers to excessive birth weight, and symphysis pubis dysfunction is a musculoskeletal issue during pregnancy.