Nokea
A woman has been advised that the reason she has had a number of spontaneous abortions is because she has an inheritable mutation. Which of the following situations is consistent with this statement?
- A. A client developed skin cancer after being exposed to the sun.
- B. A client developed colon cancer from an inherited dominant gene.
- C. A reciprocal translocation was reported on a client's genetic analysis.
- D. A client's left arm failed to develop when she was a fetus.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Reciprocal translocations can disrupt genes and lead to recurrent miscarriages.
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What is the significance of basal body temperature (BBT) tracking in fertility?
- A. BBT predicts the exact time of ovulation.
- B. A rise in BBT confirms that ovulation has occurred.
- C. BBT tracking eliminates the need for ovulation predictor kits.
- D. BBT remains constant throughout the menstrual cycle.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
1. BBT rise confirms ovulation due to increased progesterone post-ovulation.
2. Progesterone causes a slight increase in BBT, signaling the release of an egg.
3. The shift in BBT helps predict the fertile window for conception.
4. BBT tracking does not predict the exact time of ovulation (A), nor eliminate the need for ovulation predictor kits (C), and BBT does not remain constant throughout the cycle (D).
A nurse is discussing lifestyle changes to optimize fertility. Which recommendation is accurate?
- A. Avoid moderate exercise to conserve energy for conception.
- B. Quit smoking to improve reproductive health.
- C. Eliminate all carbohydrates from the diet.
- D. Increase caffeine intake to boost energy levels.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
- Smoking is known to have negative effects on reproductive health, reducing fertility in both men and women.
- Quitting smoking can improve reproductive outcomes and increase chances of conception.
- Smoking can harm egg and sperm quality, leading to infertility issues.
- Other choices are incorrect as moderate exercise, carbohydrates, and increased caffeine intake do not directly impact fertility.
A nurse is instructing a woman on the use of ovulation predictor kits. What should the nurse tell the client?
- A. A prescription is required.
- B. The kit will determine a serum LH level.
- C. The LH surge usually occurs 12 hours prior to ovulation.
- D. Your interval of greatest fertility is on the day of the LH surge and the following 2 days.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the interval of greatest fertility is indeed on the day of the LH surge and the following 2 days, maximizing chances of conception. Choice A is incorrect as ovulation predictor kits are typically over-the-counter. Choice B is incorrect as the kit measures urinary LH, not serum. Choice C is incorrect as the LH surge usually occurs 24-36 hours before ovulation, not 12.
A patient undergoing IVF asks about the role of gonadotropins. What should the nurse explain?
- A. Gonadotropins suppress ovulation to control the cycle.
- B. They stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs for retrieval.
- C. They are only used during natural conception cycles.
- D. Gonadotropins replace progesterone in early pregnancy.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because gonadotropins stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs for retrieval during IVF. This is crucial to increase the chances of successful fertilization. Choice A is incorrect as gonadotropins actually stimulate ovulation. Choice C is incorrect as gonadotropins are specifically used in assisted reproductive technologies like IVF. Choice D is incorrect as gonadotropins do not replace progesterone but rather help in follicular development.
A couple undergoing IVF asks about the role of progesterone injections post-transfer. What is the nurse's best explanation?
- A. Progesterone supports the uterine lining to help maintain a pregnancy.
- B. Progesterone improves egg quality during IVF cycles.
- C. Progesterone prevents the formation of ovarian cysts.
- D. Progesterone reduces the chances of multiple pregnancies.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Progesterone supports the uterine lining to help maintain a pregnancy post-transfer. Progesterone is crucial in preparing the uterine lining for embryo implantation and supporting early pregnancy. It helps thicken the endometrium, creating a hospitable environment for the embryo to implant and grow. Choice B is incorrect as progesterone does not directly improve egg quality. Choice C is incorrect as progesterone does not prevent ovarian cyst formation. Choice D is incorrect as progesterone does not reduce the chances of multiple pregnancies; in fact, it may slightly increase the risk of multiples in IVF.