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A woman in active labor is receiving intravenous magnesium sulfate for the prevention of eclampsia. What maternal assessment finding indicates magnesium toxicity?
- A. Muscle weakness
- B. Increased deep tendon reflexes
- C. Hypotension
- D. Tachycardia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Magnesium sulfate is used to prevent eclampsia, but it can lead to toxicity if levels become too high. One common sign of magnesium toxicity is increased deep tendon reflexes, also known as hyperreflexia. This occurs because magnesium is a muscle relaxant, and elevated levels can lead to over-relaxation of muscles, causing an exaggerated reflex response. Other signs of magnesium toxicity include respiratory depression, decreased urine output, and cardiac arrest. Therefore, in a woman receiving intravenous magnesium sulfate during labor, an increase in deep tendon reflexes would indicate potential toxicity and require immediate intervention.
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Nurses agree to be advocates for their patients. Practice of advocacy calls for the nurse to:
- A. Seek out the nursing supervisor in conflicting situations
- B. Work to understand the law as it applies to the client's clinical condition.
- C. Assess the client's point of view and prepare to articulate this point of view.
- D. Document all clinical changes in the medical record in a timely manner.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The practice of advocacy in nursing involves assessing the client's point of view and preparing to articulate this viewpoint. Advocacy requires that nurses actively listen to their patients, understand their perspectives, and ensure that their needs and wishes are communicated effectively within the healthcare team. By advocating for the client's point of view, nurses can help empower their patients to make informed decisions about their care and ensure that their best interests are always prioritized.
Incident Reports (IRs) shall be collected for the day and due investigations scheduled by the quality Department. Upon completion of the investigation, the IRS ____.
- A. must be completed and stored on the open cabinet
- B. can be stored on the table top for easy retrieval
- C. must be summarized monthly and stored in a secured cabinet
- D. classified by cate so they can be easily accessibility
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Incident Reports (IRs) must be summarized monthly and stored in a secured cabinet for several reasons. Firstly, summarizing the IRs monthly allows for a consolidated overview of the incidents that have occurred, highlighting any recurring patterns or trends that may need to be addressed. By storing the summarized IRs in a secured cabinet, the information is kept confidential and protected from unauthorized access. This practice also ensures that the reports are organized and easily accessible for future reference or audits. Storing the IRs on an open cabinet, table top, or with a classification system that may not be easily understandable can lead to potential breaches of confidentiality or difficulty in retrieving and understanding the information when needed.
A nurse administers the wrong medication to a patient and the patient is harmed. The physician who ordered the medication did not read the documentation that the patient was allergic to the drug. Which statement is true regarding liability for the administration of the wrong medication?
- A. The nurse is not responsible, because the nurse was merely following the doctor's orders.
- B. Only the nurse is responsible, because the nurse actually administered the medication.
- C. Only the physician is responsible, because the physician actually ordered the drug.
- D. Both the nurse and the physician are responsible for their respective actions.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In a situation where a nurse administers the wrong medication to a patient resulting in harm, both the nurse and the physician can be held liable for their respective roles in the error. The nurse is responsible for administering the incorrect medication, which is a violation of their duty to provide safe and appropriate care. However, the physician is also responsible because they failed to review the patient's documentation indicating the allergy to the medication before ordering it. As healthcare professionals, both the nurse and the physician have a duty of care to ensure patient safety, and in this case, both individuals failed in their responsibilities, leading to the harm caused to the patient. Therefore, both the nurse and the physician can be held accountable for the error.
A patient presents with sudden onset of weakness and numbness on one side of the body, along with difficulty speaking and understanding speech. Imaging reveals an acute infarction involving the left middle cerebral artery territory. Which of the following neurological conditions is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
- A. Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
- B. Intracerebral hemorrhage
- C. Ischemic stroke
- D. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The patient is presenting with sudden onset weakness and numbness on one side of the body, along with difficulty speaking and understanding speech, which are typical symptoms of a stroke. Imaging revealing an acute infarction involving the left middle cerebral artery territory is consistent with an ischemic stroke. Ischemic stroke occurs when there is a blockage in a blood vessel supplying blood to the brain, leading to a lack of oxygen and nutrients to the affected area, resulting in neurological deficits. This is in contrast to an intracerebral hemorrhage, which is caused by bleeding into the brain tissue, or a subarachnoid hemorrhage, which involves bleeding into the space surrounding the brain. A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a temporary episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a brief blockage of blood flow to a part of the brain, usually resolving within 24 hours. In this case, the presentation and imaging findings are most
A patient presents with a pruritic, annular rash with fine scaling and central clearing, affecting the trunk and proximal extremities. The patient reports recent exposure to a new soap and laundry detergent. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?
- A. Tinea corporis (ringworm)
- B. Nummular eczema
- C. Pityriasis rosea
- D. Lichen planus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The presentation described is consistent with nummular eczema, also known as discoid eczema. Nummular eczema typically presents as circular or oval-shaped patches of eczematous rash with fine scaling and central clearing. It is often pruritic and can be triggered by exposure to irritants such as new soaps or laundry detergents. The distribution on the trunk and proximal extremities is also typical for nummular eczema. Tinea corporis (ringworm) would present with a more raised, scaly, and well-defined border with central clearing. Pityriasis rosea presents with a herald patch followed by smaller oval or round lesions in a "Christmas tree" distribution. Lichen planus would present with polygonal, purplish, flat-topped papules typically located on flexural surfaces and extremities.