Nokea
A woman is at 14 weeks of gestation. The nurse would expect to palpate the fundus at which level?
- A. Not palpable above the symphysis at this time
- B. Slightly above the symphysis pubis
- C. At the level of the umbilicus
- D. Slightly above the umbilicus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: At 14 weeks, the fundus is typically palpable slightly above the symphysis pubis. It reaches the umbilicus around 20-22 weeks.
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Which time-based description of a stage of development in pregnancy is accurate?
- A. Viability-22 to 37 weeks since the last menstrual period (LMP) (assuming a fetal weight >500 g).
- B. Full Term-Pregnancy from the beginning of week 39 of gestation to the end of week 40
- C. Preterm-Pregnancy from 20 to 28 weeks.
- D. Postdate-Pregnancy that extends beyond 38 weeks.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Full Term-Pregnancy from the beginning of week 39 of gestation to the end of week 40. This is accurate because full-term pregnancy typically ranges from 39 to 40 weeks of gestation, which is considered the optimal time for a baby to be born in terms of development and health. Viability (Choice A) refers to the ability of a fetus to survive outside the womb and typically occurs between 22 to 37 weeks. Preterm (Choice C) describes a pregnancy that occurs before 37 weeks. Postdate (Choice D) refers to a pregnancy that extends beyond 40 weeks. Therefore, Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the full-term stage of pregnancy.
The nurse teaches a pregnant woman about the presumptive, probable, and positive signs of pregnancy. The woman demonstrates understanding of the nurse's instructions if she states that a positive sign of pregnancy is:
- A. a positive pregnancy test.
- B. fetal movement palpated by the nurse-midwife
- C. Braxton Hicks contractions.
- D. quickening.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: fetal movement palpated by the nurse-midwife. This is a positive sign of pregnancy because it is a direct indication of the presence of a fetus. Fetal movements can only be felt once the baby has developed enough to be physically palpable, typically around 18-20 weeks of gestation. This sign is considered reliable and conclusive evidence of pregnancy.
A: A positive pregnancy test is a presumptive sign, as it indicates the possibility of pregnancy but is not definitive.
C: Braxton Hicks contractions are probable signs, as they are common in pregnancy but do not confirm the presence of a fetus.
D: Quickening, the mother's first perception of fetal movements, is a probable sign and does not provide definitive proof of pregnancy.
Lactation is the process of a woman producing:
- A. Sperm
- B. Urine
- C. Milk
- D. Water
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lactation is the production and secretion of milk by the mammary glands to nourish an infant.
The vagina is:
- A. Used to fertilise an ovum before moving onto the fallopian tubes
- B. A mass of glandular tissue situated over the pectoral muscles
- C. An elastic muscular tube, connecting the cervix to the uterus
- D. Used to stop the menstrual flow from leaving the body
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The vagina is a muscular tube that connects the cervix to the external genitalia, serving as a passage for menstrual flow and childbirth.
To reassure and educate pregnant patients about changes in the uterus, nurses should be aware that:
- A. lightening occurs near the end of the second trimester as the uterus rises into a different position.
- B. the woman's increased urinary frequency in the first trimester is the result of exaggerated uterine anteflexion caused by softening.
- C. Braxton Hicks contractions become more painful in the third trimester, particularly if the woman tries to exercise.
- D. the uterine souffle is the movement of the fetus.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The softening of the lower uterine segment is called Hegar's sign. Lightening occurs in the last 2 weeks of pregnancy, when the fetus descends.