Anatomy and Physiology of Pregnancy

Anatomy and Physiology of Pregnancy Related

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A woman who has completed one pregnancy with a fetus (or fetuses) reaching the stage of fetal viability is called a:

  • A. primipar
  • B. primigravida
  • C. multipara
  • D. nulligravida.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: primipar. A primipar refers to a woman who has completed one pregnancy with a fetus reaching the stage of fetal viability. This term specifically indicates that the woman has given birth to at least one viable fetus.

Explanation:
1. Primipar specifically refers to the number of completed pregnancies, indicating one pregnancy with a viable fetus.
2. Primigravida (B) refers to a woman who is pregnant for the first time and has not yet given birth.
3. Multipara (C) refers to a woman who has completed two or more pregnancies resulting in viable offspring.
4. Nulligravida (D) refers to a woman who has never been pregnant.

In summary, the correct answer, primipar, is the most accurate term to describe a woman who has completed one pregnancy with a fetus reaching the stage of fetal viability, distinguishing her from the other choices.

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During sexual intercourse, the sperm cells then enter the uterus though the and travel to the egg tubes:

  • A. Cervix
  • B. Fallopian tubes
  • C. Ovaries
  • D. Mammary glands
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Sperm enters the uterus through the cervix and travels to the fallopian tubes to reach the egg.

A woman is in her seventh month of pregnancy. She has been reporting nasal congestion and occasional epistaxis. The nurse suspects that:

  • A. this is a normal respiratory change in pregnancy caused by elevated levels of estrogen.
  • B. this is an abnormal cardiovascular change, and the nosebleeds are an ominous sign.
  • C. the woman is a victim of domestic violence and is being hit in the face by her partner.
  • D. the woman has been using cocaine intranasally.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Elevated levels of estrogen cause capillaries to become engorged in the respiratory tract. This may result in edema in the nose, larynx, trachea, and bronchi. This congestion may cause nasal stuffiness and epistaxis.

A 31-year-old woman believes that she may be pregnant. She took an OTC pregnancy test 1 week ago after missing her period; the test was positive. During her assessment interview, the nurse enquires about the woman's last menstrual period and asks whether she is taking any medications. The woman states that she takes medicine for epilepsy. She has been under considerable stress lately at work and has not been sleeping well. She also has a history of irregular periods. Her physical examination does not indicate that she is pregnant. She has an ultrasound scan that reveals she is not pregnant. What is the most likely cause of the false-positive pregnancy test result?

  • A. She took the pregnancy test too early
  • B. She takes anticonvulsants
  • C. She has a fibroid tumor
  • D. She has been under considerable stress and has a hormone imbalance
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Anticonvulsant medications can cause false-positive pregnancy test results by interfering with hormone assays.

A client at 20 weeks gestation has just been examined during a prenatal visit. Which assessment should the nurse recognize as an abnormal finding and the need for further testing?

  • A. Fundal height of 26 cm
  • B. Pulse rate 15 bpm higher than her prepregnancy pulse
  • C. Blood pressure of 128/68
  • D. Deep tendon reflexes +2
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. At 20 weeks gestation, the fundal height should correspond closely to the number of weeks pregnant (around 20 cm). A fundal height of 26 cm indicates potential fetal growth abnormalities or incorrect dating. Further testing, such as an ultrasound, is needed to assess fetal growth and well-being.

Choice B (Pulse rate 15 bpm higher) is not typically concerning during pregnancy as pulse rate can increase due to physiological changes. Choice C (Blood pressure of 128/68) falls within the normal range for pregnancy. Choice D (Deep tendon reflexes +2) is a normal finding and not an indication for further testing.

A patient at 24 weeks of gestation contacts the nurse at her obstetric provider’s office to complain that she has cravings for dirt and
gravel. The nurse is aware that this condition is known as ________ and may indicate anemia.

  • A. ptyalism
  • B. pyrosis
  • C. pica
  • D. decreased peristalsis
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: pica. Pica is a condition where individuals crave and consume non-food items like dirt or gravel, which can indicate underlying anemia due to iron deficiency. In this case, the patient's cravings for dirt and gravel are concerning as it may suggest she is lacking essential nutrients like iron.

A: Ptyalism is excessive saliva production and not related to cravings for non-food items.
B: Pyrosis is a medical term for heartburn and is not associated with cravings for dirt or gravel.
D: Decreased peristalsis refers to reduced movement of the intestines and is not directly related to cravings for non-food items.

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