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A woman who is 8 months pregnant asks the nurse, 'Does my baby have any antibodies to fight infection?' The most appropriate response by the nurse is:
- A. Your baby has all the immune globulins necessary: IgG, IgM, and IgA.
- B. Your baby won't receive any antibodies until he/she is born and you breastfeed him.
- C. Your baby does not have any antibodies to fight infection.
- D. Your baby has IgG and IgM.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: During the third trimester, the fetus has IgG and IgM. Breastfeeding supplies the baby with IgA.
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The nurse is reviewing the hormonal blood work from a patient who is tracking their cycle to try to conceive this month. The patient’s estradiol and progesterone levels are low. What statement would the nurse include in the patient teaching?
- A. “You have already ovulated this month. Let us know if you are not pregnant, and we will try again next month.”
- B. “You should have intercourse tonight and tomorrow. This is the best time to try to conceive.”
- C. “You are at the very beginning of your cycle and will be getting your period very soon.”
- D. “We can’t tell where you are in your cycle from this blood work. You may need to repeat it next week.”
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Low estradiol and progesterone levels suggest the patient is in the early follicular phase, just before menstruation.
The nurse is planning a prenatal class on fetal development. Which characteristics of prenatal development should the nurse include for a fetus of 24 weeks, based on fertilization age? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Ear cartilage firm
- B. Skin wrinkled and red
- C. Testes descending toward the inguinal rings
- D. Surfactant production nears mature levels
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A. Ear cartilage firm: By 24 weeks, the fetus's ear cartilage has developed and become firm, allowing the ears to be more defined in shape.
What are probable signs of pregnancy? Select all that apply.
- A. amenorrhea
- B. fetal movement
- C. Goodell sign
- D. positive pregnancy test
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Probable signs include Goodell sign, positive pregnancy test, and skin hyperpigmentation. Amenorrhea and fetal movement are subjective or definitive signs.
The nurse must be cognizant that an individual's genetic makeup is known as his or her:
- A. Genotype.
- B. Phenotype.
- C. Karyotype.
- D. Chromotype.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The genotype comprises all the genes the individual can pass on to a future generation.
A 34-year-old patient who is 16 weeks pregnant had a multiple markers screening done. The results came back with an increased risk for trisomy 21. You call the patient to go over the results. How should you respond when the patient asks you if the baby is going to have Down syndrome?
- A. Yes, would you like to continue or terminate your pregnancy?
- B. This screening predicts only the risk of your baby having Down syndrome and cannot diagnose it. Additional testing is needed to determine this.
- C. You will need to discuss this with your provider at your next appointment.
- D. Yes, this test shows your baby has Down syndrome. I’d be happy to send you resources about this condition so that you can be prepared for when your baby is born.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Screening tests like multiple marker tests indicate risk but do not confirm a diagnosis. Further tests are needed to determine if the baby has Down syndrome.