Nokea
Abnormal coloration of the urine (in the absence of haematuria) may be due to:
- A. Consumption of beetroot
- B. Treatment with co-danthramer
- C. Phenylketonuria
- D. Acute intermittent porphyria
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Beetroot can cause red urine. Co-danthramer, phenylketonuria, and porphyria can also cause abnormal urine color, but beetroot is a common cause.
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List FOUR differential diagnoses aside from aortic coarctation for a two-week old infant presenting with tachypnea and poor femoral pulses.
- A. Tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy
- B. Critical aortic stenosis
- C. Dilated cardiomyopathy
- D. Myocarditis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Differential diagnoses in such cases can include non-structural heart conditions like tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy, which affects the heart's ability to pump effectively.
Displacement of apex to anterior axillary line
- A. TOF
- B. Truncus arteriosus
- C. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
- D. TAPVD
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Truncus arteriosus typically shows displacement of the apex to the anterior axillary line.
Cantwell criteria is used to diagnose
- A. Congenital tuberculosis
- B. Congenital syphilis
- C. Congenital rubella
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Cantwell criteria are used to diagnose congenital syphilis, based on clinical and laboratory findings.
A nurse assesses a client 2 hours after a cardiac angiography via the left femoral artery. The nurse notes that the left pedal pulse is weak. Which action should the nurse take?
- A. Elevate the leg and apply a sandbag to the entrance site.
- B. Increase the flow rate of intravenous fluids.
- C. Assess the color and temperature of the left leg.
- D. Document the finding as the left pedal pulse of +1/4.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A weak pedal pulse after cardiac angiography may indicate compromised blood flow. Assessing the color and temperature of the leg helps determine if there is ischemia or other complications.
Exposure to which illness should be a cause to discontinue therapy and substitute dipyridamole (Persantine) in a child receiving aspirin therapy for Kawasaki disease (KD)?
- A. Chickenpox or influenza
- B. E. coli or staphylococcus
- C. Mumps or streptococcus A
- D. Streptococcus A or staphylococcus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Both chickenpox and influenza are viral; during these illnesses, aspirin (a salicylate) is typically discontinued due to the risk of Reye syndrome.