About Vermilion zone, all true except:
- A. Covered by modified skin
- B. Transitional zone between outer & inner labial surfaces.
- C. Its epithelium is thicker than skin covering outer labial surface
- D. The dermal papillae beneath the epidermis are numerous, deep and highly vascular.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The vermilion zone's epithelium is thinner than the outer labial skin, not thicker, allowing the underlying vascularity to show through, giving it a red appearance.
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Based on knowledge of the pancreas's role in digestion, what substance produced by the pancreas may be required as a supplement for long-term health management after its surgical removal?
- A. Pancreatic enzymes
- B. Vitamin B12
- C. Gastrin
- D. Bile salts
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pancreatic enzyme supplements are needed post-pancreatectomy to aid digestion.
When a person eats some egg white, protein and water enter the stomach. Which substances are found leaving the stomach and leaving the small intestine?
- A. leaving the stomach: amino acids and water, leaving the small intestine: amino acids and water
- B. leaving the stomach: fatty acids, glycerol, and water, leaving the small intestine: fatty acids, glycerol, and water
- C. leaving the stomach: protein and water, leaving the small intestine: fatty acids and glycerol
- D. leaving the stomach: protein, amino acids, and water, leaving the small intestine: water
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Proteins are partially digested in the stomach and converted to amino acids in the small intestine.
Urine leaves the body through a tube called
- A. the urethra
- B. the ureter
- C. the bladder
- D. the nephron
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The urethra is the tube through which urine exits the body.
A patient who has undergone gastrectomy (removal of the stomach) may suffer from:
- A. cirrhosis
- B. pernicious anemia
- C. gastric ulcer
- D. inability to digest fats
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Gastrectomy can lead to pernicious anemia due to reduced intrinsic factor production, necessary for vitamin B12 absorption.
Which process matches the definition: Rhythmic contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle that propel food along the digestive tract?
- A. Ingestion
- B. Peristalsis
- C. Assimilation
- D. Absorption
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Peristalsis is the rhythmic muscular action that moves food through the digestive tract.
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