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According to current data related to the nursing shortage: (select all that apply)
- A. salaries of nurses are competitive with those of other professionals such as teachers.
- B. only 19% of nurses are minorities.
- C. overall, nurses are satisfied with their jobs but leave the profession because of fear of contracting fatal diseases.
- D. the employment opportunities for nurses continue to be strong.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale for Answer D: The correct answer is D because the statement aligns with current data indicating a strong demand for nurses leading to ample job opportunities. This information is supported by various reports and studies highlighting the ongoing nursing shortage and the need for more healthcare professionals. Employment opportunities for nurses are indeed robust, with job growth projected to continue in the coming years due to factors like an aging population and increasing healthcare needs.
Summary of Other Choices:
A: Salaries of nurses being competitive with other professionals like teachers may vary depending on location and specialty, but it is not a direct indicator of the nursing shortage.
B: The percentage of minority nurses is not directly related to the nursing shortage issue, making this statement irrelevant to the current data on the shortage.
C: Job satisfaction and reasons for leaving the nursing profession may include various factors, but fear of contracting diseases is not a primary reason cited in current data on the nursing shortage.
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A nurse is caring for a client with malignant hypertension whose blood pressure has increased by 40 mm Hg during the past hour. The nurse goes to lunch and fails to report the change to the physician. The nurse is at risk for being charged with:
- A. negligence.
- B. assault.
- C. defamation of character.
- D. tort.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A - Negligence
Rationale:
1. Negligence is the failure to provide the standard of care resulting in harm to the patient.
2. The nurse failed to report a significant change in the patient's condition, breaching the duty of care.
3. The increase in blood pressure could lead to serious complications, indicating the severity of negligence.
Summary:
B: Assault - Involves intentional threat or harm, not applicable in this scenario.
C: Defamation of character - Involves false statements damaging reputation, not relevant in the context of patient care.
D: Tort - A broader legal term encompassing various civil wrongs, but negligence is a specific type of tort applicable here.
Which statement is true regarding health care for minorities?
- A. Federal legislation that provides free health insurance for minorities has resulted in fewer minorities than members of the general population who lack health insurance.
- B. Higher costs of health care coupled with lower wages for minorities have prevented most minorities from seeking health care.
- C. Because many Mexican Americans are highly skilled workers with comparable wages, they have the lowest uninsured rate.
- D. Asians, because of their quiet demeanor and unwillingness to challenge the health care system, have the highest rate of uninsured people.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why answer A is correct:
1. Federal legislation such as the Affordable Care Act has expanded Medicaid coverage and provided subsidies for health insurance.
2. This legislation has helped reduce the number of minorities lacking health insurance.
3. Consequently, fewer minorities than members of the general population now lack health insurance.
4. Therefore, the statement that federal legislation has resulted in fewer minorities lacking health insurance is true.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
B. This choice incorrectly attributes the lack of seeking health care by minorities solely to higher costs and lower wages, overlooking the impact of legislation.
C. This choice makes a sweeping generalization about Mexican Americans without considering the broader context of health care access for minorities.
D. This choice relies on stereotypes about Asians and does not take into account the complexities of the health care system and insurance coverage.
A qualitative researcher reviews data collected with a grief support group to develop a theory of how widows and widowers mourn. The researcher is using which qualitative research design?
- A. Phenomenology
- B. Grounded theory
- C. Case study
- D. Hypothesis generation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Grounded theory is the correct answer because it involves developing a theory based on analyzing data collected from participants. In this case, the researcher is reviewing data from a grief support group to identify patterns and themes, ultimately leading to the development of a theory on how widows and widowers mourn. Phenomenology focuses on understanding individuals' lived experiences, not developing theories. Case study involves an in-depth analysis of a single case, not suitable for developing a theory. Hypothesis generation is part of quantitative research, not qualitative research design.
A group of RNs wish to seek union representation that would protect all workers in the agency including nonlicensed assistive personnel and non-nursing employees such as nutritionists and dietary workers. The type of union being sought is the strongest collective group and is known as a(n):
- A. occupational union.
- B. industrial union.
- C. union shop.
- D. right-to-work bargaining organization.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: industrial union. Industrial unions represent all workers in a particular industry regardless of their specific job roles, providing collective bargaining power for a broader group. In this scenario, the RNs seeking union representation aim to include nonlicensed personnel and non-nursing employees, making an industrial union the most appropriate choice.
A: Occupational union focuses on specific occupational groups, not as inclusive as industrial unions.
C: Union shop refers to a workplace where all employees must join the union after being hired, not related to the scope of representation.
D: Right-to-work bargaining organization allows employees to choose whether or not to join the union, not the strongest type of union for collective representation.
A nurse manager wants his nursing unit to be a place where all nurses want to work, where patient satisfaction is high, and care is innovative and interdisciplinary. Staff are encouraged to chair taskforces to improve quality of care and he counsels staff in areas of measuring patient outcomes. Other managers want to mimic this manager's approach to improve their own units. This nurse is which type of leader?
- A. Transformational
- B. Transactional
- C. Laissez-faire
- D. Authoritative
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Transformational. This nurse manager is focused on creating a positive work environment, encouraging innovation, empowering staff, and promoting interdisciplinary collaboration. Transformational leaders inspire and motivate followers to achieve high levels of performance by emphasizing shared vision, personal growth, and values. This nurse manager's approach aligns with the characteristics of a transformational leader.
Incorrect Choices:
B: Transactional leaders focus on rewards, punishments, and exchanges with followers based on performance. This nurse manager's approach goes beyond transactional interactions.
C: Laissez-faire leaders are hands-off and provide little guidance or direction. This nurse manager is actively involved in guiding and supporting staff.
D: Authoritative leaders make decisions independently and expect followers to follow orders. This nurse manager encourages staff involvement and input in decision-making processes.