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According to Swanson's theory, there are five caring processes, one of which is "knowing." What are the other four?
- A. Communication, assertiveness, responsibility, and caring
- B. Maintaining belief, being with, doing for, and enabling
- C. Understanding, action, information, and comfort
- D. Maintaining belief, being with, enabling, and supporting
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Maintaining belief, being with, doing for, and enabling.
- Maintaining belief: Involves believing in the patient's capacity for self-care.
- Being with: Being present and connecting emotionally with the patient.
- Doing for: Providing assistance and meeting the patient's needs.
- Enabling: Encouraging and supporting the patient to reach their full potential.
Other choices are incorrect:
- A: Communication, assertiveness, responsibility, and caring do not align with Swanson's caring processes.
- C: Understanding, action, information, and comfort are not the caring processes in Swanson's theory.
- D: Maintaining belief, being with, enabling, and supporting is partly correct but lacks the "doing for" process.
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A patient is attracted to the nurse and attempts to initiate a social relationship. It is most appropriate for the nurse to take which action?
- A. Encourage the client's behavior to develop a trusting nurse–client relationship.
- B. Inform the charge nurse of the situation and ask for a different patient assignment.
- C. Tell the patient that the relationship must remain professional at all times.
- D. Determine if the patient can be transferred to another nursing care unit.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. It is crucial for healthcare professionals to maintain professional boundaries with patients to ensure ethical practice and prevent potential harm. By telling the patient that the relationship must remain professional, the nurse sets clear boundaries and maintains the integrity of the therapeutic relationship. This approach protects both the patient and the nurse from potential ethical violations.
Choice A is incorrect because encouraging the behavior could lead to boundary violations and harm the therapeutic relationship. Choice B is not the most appropriate immediate action as it does not address the situation directly with the patient. Choice D is also not the best course of action as transferring the patient does not address the underlying issue of maintaining professional boundaries.
The nurse manager asks the staff nurse to work an extra shift. Which response by the staff nurse is assertive and based on rational beliefs?
- A. "I don't want you upset, so I will work extra."
- B. "Why do I always have to cover extra shifts?"
- C. "I am not able to work an extra shift."
- D. "If you can't find anyone else, I will do it."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it directly and assertively communicates the staff nurse's inability to work an extra shift. This response sets clear boundaries and respects the nurse's own limitations and well-being. It is based on rational beliefs as it acknowledges personal capacity without guilt or unnecessary explanations.
Explanation of other choices:
A: This choice is not assertive as it prioritizes avoiding upsetting the nurse manager over the nurse's own needs and boundaries.
B: This response is confrontational and does not address the request directly, focusing instead on questioning past occurrences.
D: While this response offers to work the extra shift as a last resort, it does not assert the nurse's own limitations clearly, leaving room for potential guilt or manipulation.
An experienced nurse is supervising a student nurse in an acute care setting. Which statement, if made by the experienced nurse, would be most appropriate to help the student nurse establish credibility with other nurses on the unit?
- A. "It is impossible to be credible when you are a student because you lack experience.=
- B. "Try to hide your feelings of inadequacy and portray a sense of confidence.=
- C. "Be honest with the nurses about your strengths and about areas that need improvement.=
- D. "It would help if you bring special treats for the nurses so that they will like you.=
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: "Be honest with the nurses about your strengths and about areas that need improvement." This statement promotes transparency, self-awareness, and humility, which are important traits in gaining credibility. Being honest about strengths shows confidence, while acknowledging areas for improvement demonstrates a willingness to learn and grow. This approach fosters trust and respect among colleagues.
Choice A is incorrect as it undermines the student nurse's potential for credibility based on experience. Choice B suggests masking feelings of inadequacy, which can lead to inauthentic interactions. Choice D is inappropriate as it implies trying to buy favor with treats rather than earning credibility through professional conduct.
The nurse cares for a client with hypertension, and a nurse–client contract is developed outlining the activities and responsibilities of each. Which would be appropriate to include in this contract? (Select all that apply)
- A. The outcomes should be realistic and measurable.
- B. Progress should be reviewed at regular intervals.
- C. The contract should be written and signed.
- D. The nurse should keep the information confidential.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: The outcomes should be realistic and measurable. This is appropriate to include in the nurse-client contract because setting realistic and measurable outcomes helps in monitoring progress and evaluating the effectiveness of interventions in managing hypertension. It allows for clear communication between the nurse and the client regarding the goals of treatment.
Incorrect choices:
B: Progress should be reviewed at regular intervals - While this is important in the management of hypertension, it is a process rather than a specific component of a contract.
C: The contract should be written and signed - This is important for legal purposes but not specifically related to setting goals and outcomes.
D: The nurse should keep the information confidential - This is a standard ethical practice but not a specific component of a contract outlining activities and responsibilities.
The nurse cares for a patient who is scheduled for abdominal surgery. Which action, if taken by the nurse, is most appropriate?
- A. Mandate the use of a complementary therapy such as guided imagery.
- B. Administer opioids for pain rated more than 3 (on a 0 to 10 pain scale).
- C. Ask the patient about expectations for postoperative pain management.
- D. Provide pain management based on a standardized nursing care plan.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Asking the patient about expectations for postoperative pain management is most appropriate as it involves assessing the patient's preferences and needs, ensuring individualized care. Option A is incorrect as mandating complementary therapy may not align with the patient's preferences or needs. Option B is incorrect as administering opioids based solely on pain rating may not consider individual variations in pain tolerance. Option D is incorrect as providing pain management solely based on a standardized care plan may not address the patient's specific needs and preferences.